技术异质性视角下中国有色金属行业效率评估与内部产业协同性分析

Efficiency Assessment and Internal Industry Synergy Analysis of China’s Nonferrous Metal Industry from the Perspective of Technological Heterogeneity

摘要: 中国有色金属行业是保障人民高质量生活和国家高质量发展的重要工业产业，对有色金属行业进行效率评估是有必要的。同时，产业融合作为高质量发展的重要途径之一，可以有效地保障有色金属产业协同稳定发展。本文基于共同前沿理论下的基于松弛的SBM模型，收集了2012~2022年的中国有色金属分行业中类数据，将有色金属分为采选、冶炼、合金制造及压延加工三个类别，分别在群组前沿和共同前沿下分析其效率值，并对技术缺口率进行研究，分析产业内部的协同性。分析得到主要结论如下：(1) 有色金属采选产业中效率最高的是稀土金属矿采选，其他稀有金属矿采选最低，有色金属冶炼产业中效率最高的是铜冶炼，效率最低的是锡冶炼，有色金属合金制造和压延加工产业中效率最高的是贵金属压延加工，效率最低的是其他有色金属压延加工；(2) 整个有色金属行业在2012~2017年呈现先降后升的平缓变化趋势，到2021年后变化幅度增加，在2021年达到最高点，随后在2022年有小幅下降；(3) 有色金属采选和冶炼产业的产业协同性较高，有色金属合金制造及压延加工产业的技术缺口最大。最后，根据分析结果对有色金属产业提出了以下发展建议：(1) 加强有色金属产业投资融合，促进产业协同发展；(2) 推进有色金属产业中数智化技术的应用，促进产业数字化转型；(3) 引进高质量管理人才，促进产业高质量人才队伍建设和交流。

Abstract: China’s nonferrous metal industry is an important industrial industry to ensure the people’s high-quality life and the country’s high-quality development, and it is necessary to assess the efficiency of the nonferrous metal industry. Meanwhile, industrial integration, as one of the important ways of high-quality development, can effectively guarantee the synergistic and stable development of the nonferrous metal industry. In this paper, based on the relaxation-based SBM model under the common frontier theory, we collect the Chinese nonferrous metal sub-industry mid-category data from 2012 to 2022, divide nonferrous metals into three categories: extraction, smelting, alloy manufacturing and rolling processing, analyze their efficiency values under cluster frontier and common frontier respectively, and study the technology gap rate to analyze the intra-industry synergy. The main conclusions obtained from the analysis are as follows: (1) the highest efficiency in the non-ferrous metal extraction industry is rare earth metal ore extraction, and the lowest is other rare metal ore extraction, the highest efficiency in the non-ferrous metal smelting industry is copper smelting, and the lowest efficiency is tin smelting, the highest efficiency in the non-ferrous metal alloy manufacturing and calendering industry is precious metal calendering, and the lowest efficiency is other non-ferrous metal calendering; (2) the entire non-ferrous metal industry shows a gentle trend of change from 2012~2017 with a decrease followed by an increase, and then the change increases after 2021, reaching a peak in 2021, followed by a slight decrease in 2022; (3) the industrial synergy of the colored metal extraction and smelting industry is high, and the technology gap in the non-ferrous metal alloy manufacturing and rolling processing industry is the largest. Finally, based on the analysis results, the following development suggestions are put forward for the nonferrous metal industry: (1) strengthen the integration of investment in the nonferrous metal industry to promote the synergistic development of the industry; (2) promote the application of digital intelligence technology in the nonferrous metal industry to promote the digital transformation of the industry; (3) introduce high-quality management talents to promote the construction and exchange of high-quality talent teams in the industry.