德江土家族“过关”仪式的象征表达

The Symbolic Expression of the “Passing the Customs” Ceremony of the Dejiang Tujia Ethnic Group

摘要: 过关仪式是将神界与世俗、人与鬼神之间相连的桥梁，是一种具有丰富象征内涵的仪式。过关作为一项土家族民间信仰仪式，其展演过程中的言行是土家族人在日常生活中的思想意识的再现。文章以德江县“过关”仪式为探讨对象，基于相关仪式象征理论，通过对当地土家族“过关”仪式过程的分析，主要从五个方面解读其象征意义：祖先认同、世俗权力的神圣化、生命状态的过渡与转换、成年的象征以及仪式的医疗作用。研究认为“过关”仪式是对人们行为和心理的一种表达，对人们的生活和心理皆产生了深远影响，拥有丰富的象征内涵。

Abstract: The passing the customs ceremony is a bridge that connects the divine realm with the secular world, and people with ghosts and gods. It is a ceremony with rich symbolic connotations. As a folk belief ritual of the Tujia ethnic group, the words and deeds during its performance are a representation of the ideological consciousness of the Tujia people in their daily lives. The article takes the “Passing the Customs” ceremony in Dejiang County as the exploration object. Based on the application of relevant symbolic theories of ceremonies, through the understanding of the process of the local Tujia “passing the customs” ceremony, it mainly interprets the symbolic meaning attached to the Tujia “passing the customs” ceremony from five aspects: ancestral identity, secularization of power, transition and transformation of life status, signs of adulthood, and the medical function of the ceremony. The “passing the customs” ceremony is an expression of people’s behavior and psychology, which has a profound impact on people’s lives and psychology, and has rich symbolic meanings.