对外汉语多义词“打”字及其相关词汇的教学研究

A Study on the Teaching of the Polysemous Word “Da” and Its Related Words in Chinese as a Foreign Language

摘要: 众所周知，多义词“打”这个字有着丰富的语义和广泛的用途，也是留学生们日常使用的词汇，十分值得研究。但目前留学生无法很好地正确使用“打”这个字以及相关的词汇，使用时会出现不同类型的偏误。同时，对外汉语教材以及教学方法，在“打”字以及相关的词汇教学中，大部分都是比较局限于这个字词的本身的义项，留学生对“打”这个字的其他延伸搭配无法深入学习。因此，本文将基于前人对“打”字及相关词汇的研究，将学习者的偏误进行归纳整理，提出针对性的教学意见，帮助学习者在掌握“打”字的用法的同时还能将其词义进行拓展，能达到在不同实际场景下的正确使用的目的，使得学生能更好地掌握该字和延伸的词汇，提高学习者汉语水平。但同时目前的相关研究内容不够全面，相关的教学建议并不够完全针对“打”字。因此，多义词的研究领域还需进一步更深入的探索。

Abstract: As we all know, the word “hit” has rich semantics and a wide range of uses, and it is also a word used daily by international students, which is worth studying. However, at present, international students can not properly use the word “hit” and related words, and different types of bias will appear when they are used. At the same time, the teaching materials and teaching methods of Chinese as a foreign language are mostly limited to the meaning of the word itself, and the other extension of the word “hit” can not be deeply studied by international students. Therefore, this paper will be based on the previous studies of “hit” and related vocabulary, the learners’ errors will be summarized and sorted out, and put forward targeted teaching suggestions to help learners to grasp the usage of the word “hitting” and expand its meaning, which can achieve the purpose of correct use in different actual scenes and make learning students can better grasp the word and the extended vocabulary, and improve learners’ Chinese level. But at the same time, the current relevant research content is not comprehensive enough, and the teaching advice is not entirely specific to the word “hit”. Therefore, the research field of polysemy needs further and deeper exploration.