高速列车头车气动噪声仿真及控制研究

Research on Aerodynamic Noise Simulation and Control of High-Speed Train Head Car

摘要: 随着高速列车运行速度的提高，高速列车运行产生的气动噪声问题表现得更加突出。列车头车作为关键气动噪声源，通过对其采用降噪措施可以有效地降低车内外噪声。文章建立了高速列车外流场仿真模型，采用分离涡(DES)模拟获得头车区域表面声源，建立头车声学仿真模型，探究了列车头车排障器区域的气动噪声源特性。通过优化排障器的外形来降低该区域的气动噪声，数值仿真结果表明优化排障器外形可以有效地降低该区域产生的气动噪声。在30 Hz~3000 Hz范围内，排障器区域的气动噪声得到有效降低，噪声总值降低7.4 dB(A)。

Abstract: With the increase in high-speed train operation speed, the aerodynamic noise problem generated by high-speed train operation has become more prominent. As a key aerodynamic noise source, the head car of the train can effectively reduce the noise inside and outside the train by adopting noise reduction measures. This paper establishes a simulation model of the external flow field of a high-speed train, uses the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) to obtain the surface sound source of the head car area, establishes an acoustic simulation model of the head car, and explores the aerodynamic noise source characteristics of the head car’s cowcatcher region. The aerodynamic noise in the region is reduced by optimizing the shape of the cowcatcher, and the numerical simulation results show that optimizing the shape of the cowcatcher can effectively reduce the aerodynamic noise generated in the region. In the range of 30 Hz~3000 Hz, the aerodynamic noise in the cowcatcher region is effectively reduced, and the total noise value is reduced by 7.4 dB(A).