大学生体像与饮食行为的关系——身体满意度的作用

The Relationship between Body Image and Eating Attitude among College Students—The Role of Body Satisfaction

摘要: 本文通过调查高校大学生的体像认知、身体满意度以及饮食行为的现状，探究体像认知、身体满意度和饮食行为三者之间的关系，并且分析身体满意度在体像认知和饮食行为之间的作用机制，对高校大学生正确认识自我体像和合理饮食提供一定的参考。本研究以高校大学生为被试，用问卷调查法考察大学生的体像认知、身体满意度和饮食行为的状况及其关系。研究收集到全国29个省、市、自治区的问卷298份，剔除无效问卷12份，有效问卷286份，其中男生108人，女生178人，平均年龄为21.78 ± 1.52岁。研究结果和结论：通过SPSS23.0对所得数据进行描述统计、方差分析和中介效应分析，发现：(1) 受试的高校大学生的自我体像与实际体像有显著相关性(r = 0.57^**)，实际体像与期望体像有显著相关性(r = 0.32^**)，且实际BMI、自选BMI、理想BMI在性别上的差异性显著(p < 0.05)，则说明大学生对体像认知具有不准确性。(2) 高校大学生普遍存在体像认知的认知偏差和期望偏差，大学生体像认知的期望偏差在性别上的差异性显著(p < 0.05)，但在年级和专业上的差异性均不显著；而认知偏差在性别、年级和专业上均不存在显著性差异。(3) 体像认知的期望偏差与饮食行为呈显著正相关(r = 0.16^**)，与身体满意度呈显著负相关(r = −0.28^**)，即大学生体像认知的期望偏差越大，越容易引起不良饮食行为，也表明对自己的身体越不满意。(4) 身体满意度在体像认知与饮食行为之间起完全中介作用。体像认知的期望偏差能够通过影响身体满意度从而增加或减少不良饮食行为的发生概率，即身体满意度是引起不良饮食行为的重要因素。

Abstract: This paper investigated the cognition of body image, body satisfaction and the current situation of eating attitude, in order to explore the association between body image, body satisfaction and eating attitude among college students. This paper will provide some reference for college students to correctly understand body image and reasonable diet. This study took college students as the studying object to investigate the association between body image, body satisfaction and eating attitude by the questionnaire. A total of 298 questionnaires were collected from 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, including 12 invalid questionnaires and 286 valid questionnaires, including 108 boys and 178 girls with an average age of 21.78 ± 1.52. Descriptive statistics, ANOVAs and the mediation effect analysis were used in the study. The results showed that: (1) There are significant correlation between the self-body image of college students and the actual body image (r = 0.57^**), and the actual body image and the expected body image (r = 0.32^**), and the difference between the actual BMI, the optional BMI and the ideal BMI is significant (p < 0.05), which means that the college students the perception of body image is inaccurate. (2) There is a significant difference in gender differences in expectation bias between college students’ somatosensory cognition (p < 0.05), but the difference in grade and specialty is not significant. The cognitive bias is not significant in gender, grade and specialty. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between the expectation bias and the dietary behavior of body image cognition (r = 0.16^**), which was negatively correlated with physical satisfaction (r = −0.28^**), that is, the greater the expectation deviation of college students’ somatosensory cognition, the more likely to cause bad eating behavior, and the more dissatisfied with their own body. (4) The three dimensions of physical satisfaction are significant mediating effect on the cognition of body image and eating attitude, that is, physical satisfaction plays a completely mediating role between the cognition of body image and eating attitude. The expectation bias of body image cognition can increase or decrease the probability of occurrence of adverse dietary behavior by affecting body satisfaction, i.e., physical satisfaction is an important factor in causing undesirable eating behavior.