有机化学综合实验设计：吉非替尼药物合成路线中醛基转变成氰基的方法探讨

A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment: Exploration of the Method for Converting Aldehyde Groups to Cyanide Groups in the Synthesis Route of Gefitinib Drugs

摘要: 将吉非替尼药物合成路线中醛基转变为氰基的方法探讨作为综合实验，以5-(3-氯丙氧基)-4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲醛为原料，经亲核加成、质子迁移脱水反应、乙酰化反应和顺式消除乙酸等反应，成功制备了5-(3-氯丙氧基)-4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯腈。本实验综合运用了基础实验操作、有机合成和结构鉴定等操作单元，加强了学生对有机化学理论知识的理解，培养和激发了学生们对科学研究的兴趣和探索精神。

Abstract: The method of converting aldehyde groups to cyanide groups in the synthesis route of gefitinib was explored as a comprehensive experiment. Using 5-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde as the raw material, 5-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-methoxy-2-nitronitrile was successfully prepared through nucleophilic addition, proton transfer dehydration reaction, acetylation reaction, and cis elimination of acetic acid reaction. This experiment comprehensively utilized basic experimental operations, organic synthesis, and structural identification units to enhance students’ understanding of organic chemistry theory, cultivate and stimulate their interest and exploratory spirit in scientific research.