养老金收入的性别差距及原因

Gender Gap in Pension Income and Causes

摘要: 在养老金制度收入再分配公平性的研究中，性别利益至关重要。通过总结国际和国内老年人养老金收入的性别差距现状，发现各国女性老年人的养老金收入普遍低于男性老年人。老年人养老金收入差距的主要原因包括劳动力市场的不平等、退休制度安排的差异、个人金融素养水平的差距。这些因素使得女性在账户缴费和积累方面往往处于劣势，退休后面临着养老金收入较少且低于男性的困境。因此，提出适当延迟女性退休年龄、提高女性劳动力的工资水平、允许女性分享丈夫的养老金等政策建议，以期提高女性退休后的养老金收入并缩小性别差距，实现男女平等和共同富裕。

Abstract: Gender interest is crucial in studies on the income redistribution fairness of pension systems. By summarizing the current status of the gender gap in pension income for elderly individuals both domestically and internationally, it is found that elderly women generally receive lower pension income than elderly men across countries. The main reasons for the pension income gap among the elderly include inequalities in the labor market, differences in retirement arrangements, and disparities in personal financial literacy. These factors often place women at a disadvantage in terms of pension contributions and accumulation, resulting in lower pension income compared to men after retirement. Therefore, policy recommendations are proposed, such as appropriately delaying the retirement age for women, increasing women’s wages in the labor market, and allowing women to share their husband’s pension, in order to increase women’s pension income after retirement, reduce the gender gap, and achieve gender equality and common prosperity.