急性肾损伤的生物学标记物的研究进展
Research Progress of Biological Markers of Acute Kidney Injury
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2024.34228, PDF,   
作者: 闫鹏程：济宁医学院临床医学院，济宁 山东；谢颖光*：济宁市第一人民医院重症医学科，济宁 山东
关键词: 急性肾损伤；重症监护病房；生物学标记物；早期诊断；Acute Kidney Injury； Intensive Care Unit； Biological Markers； Early Diagnosis
摘要: 急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)在重症监护病房(intensive care unit, ICU)中是一种常见的疾病，大多患者预后不良。早期的诊断和及时治疗对于患者来说非常重要。近期有大量的研究已经表明，相对于传统的实验室指标如尿量的减少以及血肌酐值的上升来说，有很多的生物学标记物对于AKI的早期诊断具有一定的意义，本文将对这些生物学标记物的研究进展进行一篇综述，旨在对AKI的早期诊断和护理有一定的作用。
Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disease in the intensive care unit (ICU), and most patients have a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are very important for patients. A large number of recent studies have shown that compared with traditional laboratory indicators such as reduced urine volume and increased serum creatinine value, there are many biological markers that have certain significance for the early diagnosis of AKI. This article will review the research progress of these biological markers, aiming to have a certain role in the early diagnosis and care of AKI.
文章引用：闫鹏程, 谢颖光. 急性肾损伤的生物学标记物的研究进展[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2024, 3(4): 1591-1596. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2024.34228

参考文献

[1] Bagshaw, S.M. (2008) Short-and Long-Term Survival after Acute Kidney Injury. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23, 2126-2128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Kellum, J.A. and Lameire, N. (2013) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Acute Kidney Injury: A KDIGO Summary (Part 1). Critical Care, 17, Article No. 204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Moledina, D.G. and Parikh, C.R. (2018) Phenotyping of Acute Kidney Injury: Beyond Serum Creatinine. Seminars in Nephrology, 38, 3-11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Prowle, J.R., Liu, Y., Licari, E., Bagshaw, S.M., Egi, M., Haase, M., et al. (2011) Oliguria as Predictive Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients. Critical Care, 15, R172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Soni, S.S., Cruz, D., Bobek, I., Chionh, C.Y., Nalesso, F., Lentini, P., et al. (2009) NGAL: A Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury and Other Systemic Conditions. International Urology and Nephrology, 42, 141-150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Kjeldsen, L., Cowland, J.B. and Borregaard, N. (2000) Human Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Homologous Proteins in Rat and Mouse. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1482, 272-283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Wheeler, D.S., Devarajan, P., Ma, Q., Harmon, K., Monaco, M., Cvijanovich, N., et al. (2008) Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a Marker of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children with Septic Shock. Critical Care Medicine, 36, 1297-1303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Shang, W. and Wang, Z. (2017) The Update of NGAL in Acute Kidney Injury. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 18, 1211-1217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Elitok, S., Devarajan, P., Bellomo, R., Isermann, B., Haase, M. and Haase-Fielitz, A. (2021) NGAL/Hepcidin-25 Ratio and AKI Subtypes in Patients Following Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study. Journal of Nephrology, 35, 597-605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Si Nga, H., Medeiros, P., Menezes, P., Bridi, R., Balbi, A. and Ponce, D. (2015) Sepsis and AKI in Clinical Emergency Room Patients: The Role of Urinary NGAL. BioMed Research International, 2015, Article ID: 413751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Allegretti, A.S., Solà, E. and Ginès, P. (2020) Clinical Application of Kidney Biomarkers in Cirrhosis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 76, 710-719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Allegretti, A.S., Parada, X.V., Endres, P., et al. (2021) Urinary NGAL as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 12, e359.
[13] Perrone, R.D., Madias, N.E. and Levey, A.S. (1992) Serum Creatinine as an Index of Renal Function: New Insights into Old Concepts. Clinical Chemistry, 38, 1933-1953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Villa, P., Jiménez, M., Soriano, M., Manzanares, J. and Casasnovas, P. (2005) Serum Cystatin C Concentration as a Marker of Acute Renal Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients. Critical Care, 9, R139-R143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Grubb, A. (1992) Diagnostic Value of Analysis of Cystatin C and Protein HC in Biological Fluids. Clinical Nephrology, 38, S20-S27.
[16] Tenstad, O., Roald, A.B., Grubb, A. and Aukland, K. (1996) Renal Handling of Radiolabelled Human Cystatin C in the Rat. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 56, 409-414. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Kiessling, A., Dietz, J., Reyher, C., Stock, U.A., Beiras-Fernandez, A. and Moritz, A. (2014) Early Postoperative Serum Cystatin C Predicts Severe Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 9, Article No. 10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Aumpan, N., Limprukkasem, T., Pornthisarn, B., Vilaichone, R., Chonprasertsuk, S., Bhanthumkomol, P., et al. (2021) Plasma Cystatin C Level Is a Prognostic Marker of Morbidity and Mortality in Hospitalized Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients. The Journal of Medical Investigation, 68, 302-308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Maiwall, R., Kumar, A., Bhardwaj, A., Kumar, G., Bhadoria, A.S. and Sarin, S.K. (2017) Cystatin C Predicts Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Cirrhotics: A Prospective Cohort Study. Liver International, 38, 654-664. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Abd El Wahab, A.M., Awadeen, A., Mansour, M.M. and Shemies, R. (2022) The Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of Serum Cystatin C and Angiopoietin 2 in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Complicated by Acute Kidney Injury. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, 27, 419-427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Vijay, P., Lal, B.B., Sood, V., Khanna, R. and Alam, S. (2021) Cystatin C: Best Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury and Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Childhood Cirrhosis. European Journal of Pediatrics, 180, 3287-3295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Yang, L., Brooks, C.R., Xiao, S., Sabbisetti, V., Yeung, M.Y., Hsiao, L., et al. (2015) Kim-1-Mediated Phagocytosis Reduces Acute Injury to the Kidney. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125, 1620-1636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Bonventre, J.V. (2008) Kidney Injury Molecule‐1 (KIM‐1): A Specific and Sensitive Biomarker of Kidney Injury. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 68, 78-83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Xie, Y., Huang, P., Zhang, J., Tian, R., Jin, W., Xie, H., et al. (2021) Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10, 4159-4173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Geng, J., Qiu, Y., Qin, Z. and Su, B. (2021) The Value of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Journal of Translational Medicine, 19, Article No. 105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Pan, H., Yang, S., Chiou, T.T., Shiao, C., Wu, C., Huang, C., et al. (2022) Comparative Accuracy of Biomarkers for the Prediction of Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Critical Care, 26, Article No. 349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Sun, T., Qu, S., Huang, T., Ping, Y., Lin, Q., Cao, Y., et al. (2021) Rapid and Sensitive Detection of L‐FABP for Prediction and Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 35, e24051. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Akbal, E., Köklü, S., Koçak, E., Çakal, B., Güneş, F., Başar, Ö., et al. (2013) Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Is a Diagnostic Marker to Detect Liver Injury Due to Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Archives of Medical Research, 44, 34-38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Ishimitsu, T., Ohta, S., Saito, M., Teranishi, M., Inada, H., Yoshii, M., et al. (2005) Urinary Excretion of Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in Health-Check Participants. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 9, 34-39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Kamijo-Ikemori, A., Sugaya, T., Obama, A., Hiroi, J., Miura, H., Watanabe, M., et al. (2006) Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Attenuates Renal Injury Induced by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. The American Journal of Pathology, 169, 1107-1117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Nielsen, S.E., Sugaya, T., Hovind, P., Baba, T., Parving, H. and Rossing, P. (2010) Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Predicts Progression to Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes Care, 33, 1320-1324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Basharat Khan, M., Naseem, T., Wazir, H.d., Ayyub, A., Bin saad, A. and Irshad, R. (2022) Association of Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein with Acute Kidney Injury in Paediatric Patients after Cardiac Surgery. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 34, S602-S607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Wakisaka, Y., Inai, K., Sato, M., Harada, G., Asagai, S. and Shimada, E. (2022) Utility of Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Prognostic Marker in Adult Congenital Heart Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure. Heart and Vessels, 38, 371-380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Yanishi, M. and Kinoshita, H. (2022) Urinary L-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Is a Predictor of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. BMC Nephrology, 23, Article No. 125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Fan, W., Ankawi, G., Zhang, J., Digvijay, K., Giavarina, D., Yin, Y., et al. (2019) Current Understanding and Future Directions in the Application of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 in AKI Clinical Practice. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 57, 567-576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Emlet, D.R., Pastor-Soler, N., Marciszyn, A., Wen, X., Gomez, H., Humphries, W.H., et al. (2017) Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-2: Differential Expression and Secretion in Human Kidney Tubule Cells. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 312, F284-F296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Costelloe, C.M., Amini, B. and Madewell, J.E. (2020) Withdrawn: Risks and Benefits of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Enhanced MRI. Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI, 41, 260-274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Kashani, K., Al-Khafaji, A., Ardiles, T., et al. (2013) Discovery and Validation of Cell Cycle Arrest Biomarkers in Human Acute Kidney Injury. Critical Care, 17, R25.
[39] Meersch, M., Schmidt, C., Van Aken, H., Martens, S., Rossaint, J., Singbartl, K., et al. (2014) Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 as Early Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Recovery Following Cardiac Surgery. PLOS ONE, 9, e93460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Gocze, I., Koch, M., Renner, P., Zeman, F., Graf, B.M., Dahlke, M.H., et al. (2015) Urinary Biomarkers TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 Early Predict Acute Kidney Injury after Major Surgery. PLOS ONE, 10, e0120863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Sun, Q., Kang, Z., Li, Z. and Xun, M. (2022) Urinary NGAL, IGFBP-7, and TIMP-2: Novel Biomarkers to Predict Contrast Medium-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Children. Renal Failure, 44, 1202-1207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Fuhrman, D.Y., Kellum, J.A., Joyce, E.L., Miyashita, Y., Mazariegos, G.V., Ganoza, A., et al. (2019) The Use of Urinary Biomarkers to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Children after Liver Transplant. Pediatric Transplantation, 24, e13608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Bagshaw, S.M., Al-Khafaji, A., Artigas, A., Davison, D., Haase, M., Lissauer, M., et al. (2021) External Validation of Urinary C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 (CCL14) for Prediction of Persistent Acute Kidney Injury. Critical Care, 25, Article No. 185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[44] Massoth, C., Küllmar, M., Enders, D., Kellum, J.A., Forni, L.G., Meersch, M., et al. (2023) Comparison of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 with Other Biomarkers for Adverse Kidney Events after Cardiac Surgery. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 165, 199-207.e2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Koyner, J.L., Chawla, L.S., Bihorac, A., Gunnerson, K.J., Schroeder, R., Demirjian, S., et al. (2022) Performance of a Standardized Clinical Assay for Urinary C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 (CCL14) for Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney360, 3, 1158-1168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]