发生胎儿窘迫高危因素预测及治疗的研究进展

Research Progress on Prediction and Treatment of Risk Factors for Fetal Distress

摘要: 随着医疗技术的进步和人们健康意识的提高，对胎儿健康的关注日益增加。胎儿窘迫作为孕期的紧急医疗状况，长久以来一直是围产医学领域关注的焦点，不仅影响胎儿的健康发育，还可能导致不良的围产儿结局。胎儿窘迫的发生受多种高危因素的影响，主要包括母体的健康状况、脐带、胎盘异常、羊水污染、过期妊娠、胎位异常、缩宫素使用不当、胎膜早破等。其中，母亲的慢性疾病如高血压、糖尿病，以及胎盘早剥、脐带绕颈等是导致胎儿窘迫的主要风险因素。本文对近年来国内外文献进行总结，并结合研究结果，探讨胎儿窘迫发病的高危因素，旨在针对胎儿窘迫的高风险因素进行早期识别和干预，降低新生儿窒息、死亡等不良事件的发生率。

Abstract: With the progress of medical technology and the improvement of people’s health awareness, the attention to fetal health is increasing. Fetal distress, as an emergency medical condition during pregnancy, has long been the focus of attention in the field of perinatal medicine, which not only affects the healthy development of the fetus, but also may lead to adverse perinatal outcomes. The occurrence of fetal distress is related to many factors, including maternal health, placental function, abnormal umbilical cord, and improper use of oxytocin. Among them, the mother’s chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, placental abruption, umbilical cord around the neck, etc. are the main risk factors leading to fetal distress. This paper summarizes the literature at home and abroad in recent years, and combined with the research results, discusses the high-risk factors of fetal distress, aiming at early identification and intervention of the high-risk factors of fetal distress, and reducing the incidence of neonatal asphyxia, death and other adverse events.