不同放养密度对黄河口盐碱池塘中华绒螯蟹生长的影响

Effects of Different Stocking Density on the Growth Performance of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) during the Adult Stage in Saline-Alkali Ponds of the Yellow River Estuary

摘要: 为探究黄河口盐碱池塘中不同放养密度对华绒螯蟹个体生长的影响，设置低、中、高(密度分别为2.25、3.00、3.75 ind./m²) 3个放养密度，比较各密度组不同周龄雌雄个体质量及增重变化规律，建立体质量与养殖周龄的Logistic拟合生长模型，对甲壳长、甲壳宽、体高与体质量的关系进行曲线拟合。结果表明，中华绒螯蟹不同放养密度对养殖个体增重率(WGR)、特定增重率(SGR)、单位面积产量、成活率及8~19周龄个体质量影响均不显著(P > 0.05)，但多重比较显示养殖终末期29周龄低密度组雌性个体质量明显高于高密度组；不同放养密度下构建的体质量生长模型R²均超过0.99，能反映不同密度下雌雄个体生长规律，0~25周龄，各密度组生长旺盛，25周龄后高密度组预计绝对生长速率及相对生长速率最高，拐点周龄显示不同密度可影响中华绒螯蟹生长发育过程的快慢；不同放养密度下中华绒螯蟹同一形态性状与体质量的最佳拟合曲线类型及其数量有所不同，甲壳长、甲壳宽与体质量的拟合度高，因此在育种和养殖实践中应主要考虑甲壳长和甲壳宽。本研究表明，不同放养密度对中华绒螯蟹养殖产量及成活率无明显影响，但可影响其个体生长规律及形态构建。

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on the growth and production of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in saline-alkali ponds at the Yellow River Estuary, under the condition of no artificial oxygenation facilities, three stocking densities (2.25, 3.00, 3.75 ind./m², referring to low, medium, and high density groups respectively) were used to analyze the yield and growth of the crab at Yellow River estuary. We compared the changes in body weight and weekly weight gain of different density groups at different stage, established a Logistic fitting growth model for body weight and age of breeding weeks, and fitted the curves between the carapace length, carapace width, body height and body weight during the cultivation period. The results showed that: there is no significant difference in the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), yield, survival rate and 18~19 weeks old body weight between the different densities; All R² values of Logistic fitting growth models are greater than 0.99, indicating that the equation can well fit the growth curves of individuals at different densities. At 0~25 weeks of age, the Chinese mitten crab in each density group grows vigorously. After 25 weeks of age, the Chinese mitten crab in the high-density group is expected to have the highest WGR and SGR; furthermore, it can be inferred from the age of the inflection point that different densities maybe can affect the speed of growth of Chinese mitten crab; The curve fitting shows that the best fitting equation between the same trait and body weight is different under different stocking densities, and the R² values between the carapace length, carapace width and body weight are relatively large. In breeding and breeding practices, it is advisable to mainly consider the length and width of the carapace. In summary, it can be concluded that under the condition of no artificial oxygenation facilities, the stocking density settled in this article has no significant impact on the yield and survival rate of Chinese mitten crab in saline alkali ponds at the Yellow River estuary, but different stocking densities can affect their weight growth patterns and morphological construction, and the stocking density of Chinese mitten crab in the saline alkali pond at the Yellow River Estuary under the conditions of this study is 2.25 ind./m².