榕江苗语反义词的不平衡性研究

A Study on the Unbalance of Antonyms in Rongjiang Miao Language

摘要: 榕江苗语反义词在构成形式上展现出多样性，涵盖单音节、双音节、三音节及四音节等类型；在语义范畴上，则明确区分为绝对反义词与相对反义词。这些反义词在运用中呈现出显著的不平衡性特征，具体表现为：义项数量的不等性、构词能力的差异性、构词形式的非对称性、构词方式的偏向性、使用频率的非均衡性。此不平衡性的成因可归结为多个方面：语义场的制约、礼貌与乐观假说的影响、经济性原则的驱动。对榕江苗语反义词的不平衡性进行描写，并分析其成因，具有特殊的语料及理论价值。

Abstract: The antonyms in Rongjiang Miao language show diversity in form, including monosyllabic, two-syllable, three-syllable and four-syllable types. In the semantic category, it is clearly divided into absolute antonyms and relative antonyms. In the application of these antonyms, there are significant unbalance characteristics, which are manifested as: the unequal number of meanings, the difference of word-formation ability, the asymmetry of word-formation form, the bias of word-formation mode, and the non-equilibrium of use frequency. The causes of this imbalance can be attributed to many aspects: the restriction of semantic field, the influence of politeness and optimism hypothesis, and the drive of economic principle. To describe the unbalance of antonyms in Rongjiang Miao language and analyze its causes has special corpus and theoretical value.