父母差别对待与青少年自尊的关系：一个有调节的调节模型

Parental Differential Treatment and Adolescents’ Self-Esteem: A Moderated Moderation Model

摘要: 父母差别对待是多子女家庭中的一种普遍现象。有证据显示，父母差别对待与自尊关系密切。本文意在中国二孩家庭中建立一个有调节的调节模型探讨父母差别对待与青少年自尊的关系以及感知公平和同胞相似性(即同胞间的性别组合和年龄间隔)的调节作用。结果发现，父母差别情感(即对青少年的同胞更偏爱)显著负向预测青少年自尊，而父母差别控制(即对青少年的同胞更严厉)显著正向预测青少年自尊。年龄间隔调节了感知公平在父母差别控制与青少年自尊关系中的调节作用，即仅当年龄间隔较大且感知公平较高时，父母差别控制才能显著预测青少年自尊。总之，本文建立了一个有调节的调节模型来理解各变量之间的关系，为减少父母差别对待的消极影响、提高青少年自尊提供了实证依据。

Abstract: Parental differential treatment (PDT) is a common phenomenon in multi-child families. There is evidence that PDT is closely related to self-esteem. This paper proposed a moderated moderation model to examine whether fairness perception and sibling similarity (i.e., gender composition and age gap between siblings) moderated the relationship between parental differential treatment and adolescent self-esteem in Chinese two-child families. The results showed that parental differential emotion (i.e., greater preference for the adolescent’s siblings) significantly negatively predicted adolescents’ self-esteem, while parental differential control (i.e., being stricter with the adolescent’s siblings) significantly positively predicted adolescents’ self-esteem. Moreover, fairness perception and age gap moderated the relationship between parental differential control and adolescent self-esteem, that is, when the age gap is larger, and the perceived fairness level is high, parental differential control significantly predicts adolescents’ self-esteem. In conclusion, this paper establishes a moderated moderation model to understand the relationships among study variables, providing empirical evidence for reducing the negative impact of differential treatment and improving adolescent self-esteem.