甲下肢端纤维角化瘤1例
Fibrokeratoma of the Digital Tip of the Lower Extremity: A Case Report
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2024.34281, PDF, HTML, XML,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 黄玉婷, 罗丽娟, 赵文斌*:云南中医药大学第一附属医院皮肤外科,云南 昆明
关键词: 肢端纤维角化瘤Acralfibrokeratoma
摘要: 患者,女,51岁。1年前无明显诱因右踇趾甲下出现一芝麻大小肿物,后肿物逐渐增大至花生米大小。肿物皮肤组织病理示:表皮角化过度,可见粗大的胶原组织,特殊染色VG (+),符合瘢痕疙瘩病理改变。诊断为肢端纤维角化瘤。予以拔除甲板后手术切除甲下肿物,术后随访半年,未见复发。
Abstract: The patient, a 51-year-old woman, presented with a sesame-sized swelling under the nail of her right lesser toenail one year ago, which gradually increased to the size of a peanut meter. Skin histopathology of the swelling showed: hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, visible coarse collagenous tissue, and special staining VG (+), which was consistent with keloid pathological changes. The diagnosis was fibrokeratoma of the extremity. The nail plate was removed and the subnail mass was surgically resected, and the patient was followed up for six months after the operation without any recurrence.
文章引用:黄玉婷, 罗丽娟, 赵文斌. 甲下肢端纤维角化瘤1例[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2024, 3(4): 1992-1997. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2024.34281

1. 前言

肢端纤维角化瘤(acralfibrokeratoma)又称获得性指(趾)纤维角化瘤(Acquired acral fibrokeratoma, AAF)、获得性肢端纤维角皮瘤(Acquired digital fibrokeratoma, ADF),是一种获得性的良性纤维上皮肿瘤。多见于手指及足趾的指趾骨关节附近,见于甲下的病例较为少见。本文回顾分析了我院1例甲下肢端纤维角化瘤患者的临床资料,为该病的临床诊断及诊治提供指导。

2. 临床资料

患者,女,51岁,因“右足踇趾甲下肿块1年余”,于2023年7月来我科就诊。患者于1年前无明显诱因右踇趾甲下出现一芝麻大小肿物,肉色,后肿物逐渐增大至花生米大小,未曾就诊。既往体健,否认外伤史,家族中无类似病史。体格检查:各系统检查均未见异常。皮肤科检查:右踇趾甲下角状肿物,大小1.0 × 0.8 × 0.6 cm,呈灰白色,表面粗糙,甲板远端隆起与甲床分离,变形增厚、颜色污秽变黄(见图1)。足部正斜位X光片(右侧)显示右足踇趾远端甲粗隆旁软组织内占位性病变,大小1.2 × 1.0 cm (见图2)。手术切除圆锥状灰白色组织块,大小1.5 × 0.8 × 0.6 cm (见图3图4)。病理检查显示:表皮角化过度,表皮下可见粗大的胶原纤维组织,特殊染色VG (+),符合瘢痕组织病理改变(见图5图6)。诊断:肢端纤维角化瘤。术后伤口愈合良好,随访半年,可见新甲长出,未见肿物复发(见图7)。

右踇趾甲下角状肿物,大小1.0 × 0.8 × 0.6 cm,呈灰白色,表面粗糙,甲板远端隆起与甲床分离,变形增厚、颜色污秽变黄。

Figure 1. Before surgery

1. 术前

右足踇趾甲粗隆旁软组织内占位性病变,大小1.2 × 1.0 cm。

Figure 2. X-ray image

2. 术前X光影像

拔甲后充分暴露甲板,可见一角状肿物,呈灰白色,表面粗糙,呈疣状增生。

Figure 3. During surgery (after removing the toenails)

3. 术中(拔甲后)

Figure 4. During surgery (after the removal of the tumor)

4. 术中(肿物切除后)

肢端皮肤活检可见一过度角化的、圆顶状皮损,可见纤维血管性核心。

Figure 5. Histological examination (HE × 40)

5. 组织学检查(HE × 40)

致密不规则排列的胶原纤维束,胶原纤维束之间可见散在分布的成纤维细胞。

Figure 6. Histological examination (HE × 100)

6. 组织学检查(HE × 100)

新甲长出,未见肿物复发。

Figure 7. Half a year of operation

7. 术后半年

3. 讨论

肢端纤维角化瘤(acralfibrokeratoma)又称获得性指(趾)纤维角化瘤(Acquired acral fibrokeratoma, AAF)、获得性肢端纤维角皮瘤(Acquired digital fibrokeratoma, ADF),是一种皮肤纤维组织良性肿瘤。根据位置不同,也可称之为获得性甲周纤维角化瘤(APF) [1]和获得性甲下纤维角化瘤。临床上多表现为单个发生的不同程度角化的外生性粉红色至肤色丘疹结节,周边呈领圈状隆起[2] [3]。ADF于1968年由Burt等首先报告并命名[4] ADF病因不明,外伤及反复刺激可能是其重要的致病因素[5];此外也有报道表明ADF的发生可能与金黄色葡萄球菌感染有关[6] [7];Nemeth、Suh [8] [9]等人发现Xllla因子可能在胶原蛋白合成的发病机制中发挥作用。

Yasuki基于指甲解剖和组织学结构,将ADF分为两组5个亚型[10]。其中,I类肿瘤与甲板有关,可致甲板畸形;II类肿瘤来自指甲周围区域,不涉及甲板。I类肿瘤中,亚型I p型来自近段指甲褶皱腹侧的病变;亚型I m型来自母质下的真皮;亚型I b型来自甲床。II类肿瘤中,亚型II p型来自远端指骨背部的真皮,包括近段指甲褶皱,此亚型当肿瘤长大时甲板也会参与其中;亚型II l型发生于手指侧壁。本病例皮损发生于甲床,随着皮损的增大致甲床和远端甲板分离,并使趾甲向肿物侧偏斜。根据上述分型,本病例属于亚型I b型。

根据组织病理学特征,Kint [11]等人将其分为三类。I型是由厚而密集的胶原蛋白束组成,具有弹性纤维和表皮角化过度。II型是角质中含有更多的成纤维细胞,且较I型更为规律排列。III型是细胞结构差,没有弹性纤维。本病例属于I型。

本病临床上常需要与纤维瘤、Bowen病、外生性疙瘩瘢痕、皮肤纤维瘤、神经纤维瘤、婴儿指(趾)纤维瘤、皮角、甲周纤维瘤、寻常疣、跖疣、小汗腺汗孔瘤、化脓性肉芽肿、残留指等相鉴别[12] [13]

ADF多采用手术治疗,多数患者手术切除后未再复发,但也有复发的病例报道[14],可能与皮损切除范围小、瘤体未切净有关[15]。本例患者手术后随访半年未见复发,术后遗留轻度瘢痕,未影响踇趾功能。

声 明

该病例报道已获得病人的知情同意。

基金项目

国家自然科学基金项目(81860895)。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

参考文献

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