考虑救援行为的地铁火灾行人疏散建模与模拟

Pedestrian Evacuation Modeling and Simulation in Subway Fires Considering Rescue Behaviors

摘要: 地铁站火灾疏散在现代城市安全中具有重要意义，在当前火灾风险频发、公共安全需求日益提升的背景下，有效的救援行为能够更好地保障人员安全，减少火灾事故带来的伤亡风险。文章基于AnyLogic仿真平台，以太原市辑虎营地铁站为研究对象，考虑了火灾蔓延情况、乘客行为状态转变以及消防员救援行为，构建了含消防员救援行为的火灾场景下行人疏散模型。数值模拟研究了消防员救援时间与救援人数以及火灾蔓延速度与不同火灾源对疏散效率的影响，揭示了火灾环境下行人和消防员的动态行为特征。结果表明，在火灾烟气蔓延速度为0.15 m/s的情况下，消防员在火灾发生后50秒内到达的救援点效率最高，且当救援人数达到12名时，疏散速率显著提高。此外，分区策略有效地提升了疏散速率，通过合理分配消防员到不同区域进行救援，进一步加快了疏散过程，提高了整体救援效率。文章研究结果为地铁火灾应急预案和疏散设计提供了理论指导。

Abstract: Subway fire evacuation plays a critical role in modern urban safety. For the increasing frequency of fire risks and growing demands for public safety, effective rescue actions can better ensure personnel safety and reduce the risk of casualties caused by fire accidents. This study is based on the AnyLogic simulation platform and takes the Jihuying subway station in Taiyuan as a case study. Considering the spread of fire, the change in passenger behavior, and the rescue behavior of firefighters, a pedestrian evacuation model under fire that includes firefighters’ rescue behavior is constructed. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the impact of firefighters’ rescue time and number of rescues, as well as the speed of fire spread and different fire sources on evacuation, revealing the dynamic behavioral characteristics of pedestrians and firefighters in fire environments. Results indicate that, with a smoke spread rate of 0.15 m/s, firefighters arriving at rescue points within 50 seconds of the fire’s onset achieve the highest efficiency, and the evacuation rate increases significantly when the number of rescues reaches 12. In addition, the zoning strategy can effectively improve evacuation efficiency by strategically allocating firefighters to different areas for rescue, thereby accelerating the evacuation process and enhancing overall rescue efficiency. The research results will provide theoretical guidance for emergency response plans and evacuation design for subway fires.