工作记忆对基于规则和信息整合的类别学习的影响

The Impact of Working Memory on Category Learning Based on Rules and Information Integration

摘要: 在适应生活的过程中，类别学习是个体获得关于世界知识和理解的重要组成部分。工作记忆在众多认知处理过程中扮演着核心角色，尤其在类别学习中发挥着关键影响。本研究先后介绍了言语和视觉空间工作记忆对基于多重系统理论模型类别学习的影响。多重系统理论模型中基于规则和信息整合的类别学习分别具有外显性和内隐性，因此，文章分别梳理了两种工作记忆负荷对外显和内隐学习系统的影响。同时，文章指出了当前工作记忆任务对类别学习的影响缺少研究神经机制的问题，并提出了言语和视觉空间工作记忆任务对两种类别结构影响的多通道效应。

Abstract: In adapting to life, category learning is an important part of an individual’s acquisition of knowledge and understanding about the world. Working memory plays a central role in numerous cognitive processing, and in particular, exerts a key influence in category learning. This study successively describes the effects of verbal and visuospatial working memory on category learning based on multiple systems theory models. The rule-based and information integration-based category learning in the multiple systems theory model are epiphenomenal and implicit, respectively; therefore, this paper sorted out the effects of the two working memory loads on the epiphenomenal and implicit learning systems, respectively. At the same time, this paper points out the lack of research on the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of current working memory tasks on category learning, and proposes a multichannel effect of verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks on the effects of the two category structures.