海洋碳汇价值实现的标准、方法学与环境监管框架思考

Thoughts on the Standards, Methodology, and Environmental Regulatory Framework for the Value Realization of Ocean Carbon Sink

摘要: 海洋被认为将在应对气候变化中发挥重要作用，通过生态修复、大型藻类养殖、海水碱化等人为手段提高海洋系统的固碳、储碳能力，可以有效减缓全球变暖。然而，海洋碳汇的价值实现仍面临效益评估不明确、环境影响如何纳入监管等诸多挑战。核算增汇潜力和控制成本，构建标准和方法学体系，并完善环境影响的监管框架，是解决问题的关键。我国在海洋负排放地球生态工程的碳汇方面具有坚实的理论支撑和国际合作基础，示范应用条件逐渐成熟，但缺乏相应的效益量化方法，环境监管框架亟需建立。据此，本文提出海洋碳汇发展的如下思路：促进多部门协同，打通海洋碳汇价值实现链条；完善效益量化体系，实现国际标准互认；培养海洋碳汇专业人才，应对环境监管要求。

Abstract: The ocean is considered to play a vital role in tackling climate change. Through human interventions such as ecological restoration, large-scale algae cultivation, and seawater alkalization, the carbon sequestration and storage capacity of marine systems can be effectively enhanced, thereby mitigating global warming. However, the realization of the value of ocean carbon sinks still faces numerous challenges, including unclear benefit assessments and how to incorporate environmental impacts into regulation. Key solutions to these issues include accounting for the potential increase in carbon sinks, controlling costs, developing a standardized methodological framework, and improving the regulatory framework for environmental impacts. China has a solid theoretical foundation and an international cooperation basis for carbon sinks in marine negative emission ecological engineering. The conditions for demonstration applications are gradually maturing, but there is a lack of corresponding benefit quantification methods, and an environmental regulatory framework urgently needs to be established. Accordingly, this paper proposes the following ideas for the development of ocean carbon sinks: Promote multi-departmental collaboration to streamline the value realization chain of ocean carbon sinks; Improve the benefit quantification system to achieve mutual recognition of international standards; Cultivate specialized talent in marine carbon sinks to meet environmental regulatory requirements.