水蛭治疗原发性肾病综合征的研究进展

Research Progress of Leeches in the Treatment of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

摘要: 原发性肾病综合征是以大量蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、水肿与血脂异常为特征的一组临床症状，常见于各种原发性慢性肾小球疾病，其成因复杂，目前临床治疗多以利尿、激素与免疫抑制进行干预，其副作用明显，长期效果欠佳，中医药对原发性肾病综合征的治疗经过多年发展已展现出其显著疗效及副作用小的优势，中医将原发性肾病综合征的归属为“水肿”等范畴，为本虚标实证，以肾虚为本，肺、脾、肾三脏功能失司致使气、血、津液等运行障碍为标，其中淤血常伴肾虚出现，贯穿于疾病始终，水蛭作为常用的破血逐瘀消癥药，其力迟缓，具有既可活血化瘀又不伤肾气的独特优势，故本文对水蛭治疗原发性肾病综合征的研究进展进行归纳探讨，以期为水蛭治疗原发性肾病综合征的研究拓宽思路。

Abstract: Primary nephrotic syndrome is a group of clinical symptoms characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and dyslipidemia, which is commonly seen in various primary chronic glomerular diseases, and its causes are complex. Currently, clinical treatments are mostly intervened by diuretics, hormones and immunosuppression, which have obvious side-effects and unsatisfactory long-term effects. The treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome by Chinese medicine has shown its remarkable efficacy and small side effects after many years of development. Chinese medicine attributes primary nephrotic syndrome to the category of “edema”, which is a symptom of deficiency, with renal deficiency as the basis, and dysfunction of the lungs, spleen and kidneys resulting in obstruction of the operation of qi, blood and fluids as the target, in which bruises and blood stasis are often accompanied by renal deficiency, which is present throughout the disease. As a commonly used medicine for breaking blood stasis and eliminating symptoms, leech has the unique advantage of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis without harming kidney qi. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research progress of leech treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in order to broaden the idea of leech treatment for the study of primary nephrotic syndrome.