中国鸟类多样性与气候环境时空相关性分析

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Correlation between Bird Diversity and Climate Environment in China

摘要: 鸟类多样性变化与气候环境密切相关，量化二者相关性不仅对鸟类保护有指导性意义也对环境治理有建设性意义。研究基于中国观鸟中心各省鸟类物种分布与2020到2023年4年观鸟数据，结合中国陆地生态系统分布图、中国年均气温气象分布数据以及中国省会城市空气质量数据，量化中国鸟类多样性和气候环境的时空相关性。通过建立时空数量分布图，构造鸟类多样性指数，采取spearman相关性分析方法，从宏观表现和微观层面来量化中国鸟类物种丰富度与时空地理位置环境因子的相关性。结果表明宏观表现上，中国鸟类物种丰富度随陆地生态系统分布变化一致，呈现西疏东密的分布格局，且鸟类多样性指数与极端气候密切相关，通常在气候类型丰富，气候变化较为稳定的区域鸟种类以及丰富度均很高。微观层面上，鸟类多样性与PM2.5呈现显著负相关性，随着PM2.5增多，鸟类多样性指数呈现下降趋势。

Abstract: The changes in bird diversity are closely related to climatic and environmental factors. Quantifying the correlation between these factors not only has significant implications for bird conservation but also offers constructive insights for environmental management. This study utilizes data from the China Birdwatching Center, including the distribution of bird species across various provinces and birdwatching data collected over four years (2020 to 2023). It integrates these data with the terrestrial ecosystem distribution map of China, the annual average temperature distribution data, and air quality data from provincial capitals in China to quantify the spatiotemporal correlation between bird diversity and climatic conditions in China. By constructing spatiotemporal distribution maps and developing a bird diversity index, the study employs Spearman correlation analysis to quantify the correlation between bird species richness and spatiotemporal environmental factors at both macro and micro levels. The results indicate that, at the macro level, the richness of bird species in China is consistent with the distribution of terrestrial ecosystems, exhibiting a pattern of lower density in the west and higher density in the east. The bird diversity index shows a strong correlation with extreme climatic conditions, with high species richness and diversity typically observed in regions with diverse climate types and relatively stable climatic conditions. At the micro level, bird diversity is significantly negatively correlated with PM2.5 concentrations, showing a declining trend in the bird diversity index as PM2.5 levels increase.