粤语和普通话句法差异的优选论分析

An OT Account for the Syntactic Differences between Yue Dialects and Mandarin Chinese

摘要: 本文在优选论的框架下分析粤语和普通话的三个典型的句法差异：与格结构、差比句式和状语后置。采用Grimshaw提出的两个位置制约条件DAT RT，ACC RT以及三个同界制约条件SPECLFT，COMPLFT，HDLFT，排列出这三种句法结构在粤语和普通话中各自的制约条件等级排列。为了更好地展示这些等级排列体现出的类型变化，本文将数据拓展到上古和中古汉语，从历时角度考察汉语的演变；还从共时视角讨论汉藏语系的另一语族壮侗语以及印欧语系的现代英语、德语等语料。

Abstract: The present paper examines the three typical syntactic differences between Yue dialects and Mandarin Chinese—dative construction, comparative construction and post-verbal adverbials—within the theoretical framework of OT-based syntax. Two positional constraints DAT RT and ACC RT and three alignment constraints SPECLFT, COMPLFT and HDLFT proposed by Grimshaw (1997) are applied in factoring out the constraint hierarchy of these three syntactic constructions in Yue and Mandarin respectively. To demonstrate better the typological effects created by the different constraint rankings, the data is extended to that in Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, based on which the development of Chinese language is discussed from a diachronic perspective. It also discusses the data from Zhuang and Tong languages, modern English and German from a synchronic point of view.