不同雪茄烟气浓度暴露对小鼠口腔菌群的影响研究

Study on the Effects of Different Cigar Smoke Concentrations on the Oral Microbiome of Mice

摘要: 目的：本项目计划构建不同雪茄烟气浓度暴露下的小鼠实验模型，探讨雪茄烟气暴露对小鼠口腔菌群的影响。方法：将40只8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机均分到对照组、雪茄烟气低剂量组、中剂量组以及高剂量组下进行4周饲养，收集小鼠口腔唾液样本，利用16S核糖体RNA (16S ribosomal RNA, 16S rRNA)基因测序技术分析菌群的特征。结果：与对照组相比，不同剂量雪茄干预组小鼠口腔菌群Ace指数以及Shannon指数显著增加(p < 0.05)。在属水平方面，不同组间排名前10的组间差异菌属分别为Bacteroides、Bergeyella、Blautia、Faecalibacterium、Lactobacillus、Megamonas、Muribacter、Prevotella、Rodentibacter、Staphylococcus (p < 0.05)。两两比较结果显示，与对照组相比，中剂量组Acinetobacter菌属丰度特异性显著上升，而高剂量组Blautia、Faecalibacterium特异性显著上升(p < 0.05)。在种水平方面，LEfSe分析结果显示有44个菌种在各组间差异达到显著水平，且不同雪茄剂量组，口腔差异菌种具有剂量特异性(p < 0.05)。结论：雪茄烟气暴露及暴露浓度可影响口腔菌群的微生物组成，同时，不同浓度雪茄对小鼠口腔菌属的影响存在特异性。本项研究有助于深入了解雪茄烟气对口腔健康的影响，为制定相应的预防策略以及改良雪茄加工制造方式提供重要数据基础。

Abstract: Objective: This project aimed to develop a mouse model subjected to varying concentrations of cigar smoke to investigate the impact of cigar smoke exposure on the oral microbiome of mice. Method: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, were randomly assigned into four groups: control group, low-dose cigar smoke group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group for a feeding period of four weeks. Oral saliva samples were collected from the mice, and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technology was employed to analyze oral microbiome characteristics. Results: Compared to the control group, the Ace and Shannon index of the oral microbiome in all cigar intervention groups exhibited significant increases (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the top ten bacterial genera identified across different groups included Bacteroides, Bergeyella, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus Megamonas, Muribacter, Prevotella, Rodentibacter and Staphylococcus (p < 0.05). Notably, compared with the control group, the abundance of Acinetobacter significantly increased in the medium-dose group while Blautia and Faecalibacterium markedly decreased in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). Species-level analysis via LEfSe revealed 44 species exhibited significant differences among groups, distinct oral species were dose-specific in different cigar dose groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cigar smoke exposure and exposure concentrations can affect the microbial composition of the oral microbiome. Additionally, different concentrations of cigars exert specific effects on oral bacteria genera in mice. This study enhances the understanding of how cigar smoke influences oral health and provides critical data for developing effective prevention strategies as well as improving processing and manufacturing methods related to cigars.