基于多源数据的贵州省应急避难场所空间格局分析

Spatial Pattern Analysis on Emergency Shelters in Guizhou Province Based on Multi-Source Data

摘要: 随着全球气候变暖和地壳运动的活跃，自然灾害的频发阻碍了人类社会前进的步伐，应急避难场所是灾害发生以后人类躲避灾害的生存场所。本文以贵州省作为研究对象，利用夜间灯光数据、GDP、地质灾害数据、历史地震数据、人口数据分析应急避难场所的分布特征和影响因子。结果表明：贵州省夜间灯光数据能够较好反映区域经济发展和人口分布，夜间灯光数据与区域GDP和人口之间的相关性R分别为0.83和0.75；贵州省应急避难场所主要分布在毕节市–贵阳–黔南布依族苗族自治州一线，存在“重城区，轻乡村”的现象；对应急避难场所分布影响大小为：人口密度 > GDP > 地质灾害数据 > 地形 > 历史地震。

Abstract: With the warming of global climate and the active movement of the earth’s crust, the frequent occurrence of natural disasters has hindered the progress of human society. Taking Guizhou Province as the research object, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and impact factors of emergency shelters by using night light data, GDP, geological disaster data, historical earthquake data and population data. The results show that the night light data of Guizhou Province can better reflect regional economic development and population distribution, and the correlation R between night light data and regional GDP and population is 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. In Guizhou Province, emergency shelters are mainly distributed in the line of Bijie City, Guiyang City and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and there is a phenomenon of “emphasis on urban areas and light on rural areas”. The distribution of emergency shelters is as follows: Population density > GDP > geological disaster data > terrain > historical earthquake.