初二数困生与数优生几何直观能力研究

A Study on the Geometric Intuitive Ability of Number Poor Students and Number Superior Students in the Second Grade

摘要: 几何直观是数学学习中的关键能力，对理解几何概念、发展空间思维和提高解题能力至关重要。研究选取了初二年级数困生、数优生共281名，对两类学生的几何直观能力进行了比较研究。结果表明：男女在几何直观上的发展并无显著差异；几何直观水平在不同程度上影响学生的数学成绩；数优生在直观洞察能力、直观想象能力、直观构建能力三个维度的发展优于数困生，三维度之间存在显著的正相关关系。该研究不仅揭示了数困生和数优生在几何直观能力上的差异，而且为改进初中几何教学提供了有益的启示。

Abstract: Geometric intuition is a key ability in mathematics learning, which is crucial for understanding geometric concepts, developing spatial thinking, and improving problem-solving skills. A total of 281 students in the second year of junior high school, including those with numerical difficulties and those with numerical excellence, were selected for the study to compare their geometric intuition abilities. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in the development of geometric intuition between men and women; The level of geometric intuition affects students’ mathematics grades to varying degrees; Numerical gifted students have better development in the three dimensions of intuitive insight ability, intuitive imagination ability, and intuitive construction ability than numerical poor students, and there is a significant positive correlation between the three dimensions. This study not only reveals the differences in geometric intuition ability between students with numerical difficulties and those with numerical excellence, but also provides useful insights for improving geometry teaching in junior high schools.