浅议紫金山矿床中稀散元素的富集现象及其意义

Discussion on the Enrichment Phenomenon of Scattered Element in Zijinshan Deposit and Its Significance

摘要: 紫金山矿床位于福建省龙岩市上杭县境内，目前学界普遍认为紫金山大型金铜矿床是国内典型的浅成低温火山热液型铜金矿床。紫金山成矿区域内经历的频繁火山活动，起到了主要的导矿和控矿作用，而来自深部的火山热液流体随着北东向深断裂和火山机构的多次喷发活动渗透而出，这形成了紫金山大型铜金矿床矿化与成矿的基础。近几年来，有研究人员在对紫金山矿床中的矿物样品进行元素分析时发现了部分金属矿物中存在稀散元素的富集现象。本文通过对紫金山矿床开展野外地质调查、岩相学研究和对所采集样品的电子探针元素进行分析，对于紫金山金铜金属矿物中富集稀散元素的现象进行了研究。研究结果表明，紫金山矿床所产的铜蓝、蓝辉铜矿、硫砷铜矿和黄铁矿普遍富集稀散元素锗、镉、硒、碲，其中硫砷铜矿主要富集锗、碲、镉元素，平均质量分数为0.025、0.164和0.014；而蓝辉铜矿则主要富集锗、硒、镉元素，平均质量分数为0.015、0.074和0.013。本研究揭示了稀散元素锗、镉、硒、碲在紫金山矿床中的富集现象，尤其是对稀散元素在矿床硫化物矿物中的富集机制进行了探究，对矿山潜在稀散元素资源的回收及利用提供了参考资料。

Abstract: The Zijinshan deposit is located in Shanghang County, Longyan City, Fujian Province. At present, the academic community generally believes that the Zijinshan large gold-copper deposit is a typical shallow low-temperature volcanic hydrothermal copper-gold deposit in China. The frequent volcanic activities experienced in the Zijinshan metallogenic area play a major role in ore guiding and ore controlling. The volcanic hydrothermal fluid from the deep part penetrates with the NE-trending deep fault and the multiple eruption activities of the volcanic mechanism, which forms the basis of mineralization and mineralization of the Zijinshan large copper-gold deposit. Recently, researchers found the enrichment of scattered element in some metal minerals in the element analysis of mineral samples in the Zijinshan deposit. In this paper, the enrichment of scattered element in Zijinshan gold-copper metal minerals was studied by field geological survey, petrographic study and electron probe element analysis of the collected samples. The results show that the covellite, digenite, enargite and pyrite produced in the Zijinshan deposit are generally enriched in the rare elements germanium, cadmium, selenium and tellurium. Among them, the enargite is mainly enriched in germanium, tellurium and cadmium, with an average mass fraction of 0.025, 0.164 and 0.014. The digenite is mainly enriched in germanium, selenium and cadmium, with an average mass fraction of 0.015, 0.074 and 0.013. This study reveals the enrichment phenomenon of scattered elements germanium, cadmium, selenium and tellurium in Zijinshan deposit, especially explores the enrichment mechanism of scattered elements in sulfide mineral deposits, and provides reference materials for the recovery and utilization of potential scattered element resources in mines.