中国黄背草的植被地理分布格局及其斑块特征

Patterns of Vegetation Geographic Distribution and Characteristics of Patches of Themeda japonica in China

摘要: 通过应用ArcGIS软件，对《中国植被图集(1:1000000)》中的黄背草植被数据，进行数字化处理，空间配准和矢量化等操作，并以此为基础计算得到黄背草植被各群系的斑块数量特征以及斑块形状指数，分析与评价黄背草植被群系的地理分布格局与斑块特征。结果表明：黄背草植被在全国多数省份均有分布，主要集中分布于陕西和安徽等地。黄背草植被总面积为14219.39 km²，总共有488个斑块，整体上黄背草植被的斑块面积、个数分布较均衡，各斑块形状均相对不规则，小斑块占比较高，大斑块占比较少，且斑块面积差别较大，斑块破碎化程度较高。基于黄背草植被斑块的情况、黄背草植被的地理分布及其斑块特征、斑块形状的分析，为黄背草植被的退牧还草及可持续发展、防止草场退化和恢复退化草场提供理论参考。

Abstract: By applying ArcGIS software, we digitized, spatially aligned and vectorized the Themeda japonica vegetation data in the “China Vegetation Atlas (1:1000000)”, and calculated the number of patches and the patch shape index of each group of Themeda japonica vegetation on the basis of the data, so as to analyse and evaluate the geographic distribution pattern and the characteristics of the patches of Themeda japonica vegetation groups. The results showed that the Themeda japonica vegetation was distributed in most provinces in China, mainly in Shaanxi and Anhui. The total area of Themeda japonica vegetation is 14219.39 km², and there are 488 patches in total. On the whole, the patch area and number of Themeda japonica vegetation are more balanced, and the shape of each patch is relatively irregular, with a higher proportion of small patches and a smaller proportion of large patches, and the patch area varies greatly, with a higher degree of patch fragmentation. Based on the situation of Themeda japonica vegetation patches, the geographical distribution of Themeda japonica vegetation and its patch characteristics and the analysis of patch shapes, it provides theoretical references for the retreat of Themeda japonica vegetation to grassland and its sustainable development, the prevention of pasture degradation and the restoration of degraded pastures.