学龄前儿童游戏会话分析研究——请求和提议的前序列和前序序列的特点

Preschool Children’s Game Conversation Analysis—Characteristics of Pre-Sequences and Goings-in-Front-of-an-Action in Requests and Proposals

摘要: 会话分析作为一种社会学研究方法，目前主要针对成人的社会行为做形式化解释，然而学龄前儿童会话研究并未得到充分关注。本文使用会话分析的研究方法，以学龄前儿童游戏会话为语料，从序列结构的层面，分析了请求和提议前序列及其前序序列的特点，以考察学龄前儿童的社会行为。研究发现，此两种序列带有儿童发展阶段特征及游戏特征，具体表现为：(1) 频繁使用感叹词作为问题陈述前序列。(2) 问题陈述作为请求和提议前序序列，或者作为提议本身。(3) 打电话的呼叫应答作为请求和提议前序列。学龄前儿童表现出了在请求与提议上的社会行为规范，但同时也具有该年龄段心智创造与行为选择的独特性。本文将会话分析的研究方法拓展到儿童会话范畴，对儿童会话分析与儿童会话能力发展研究都具有一定的借鉴意义。

Abstract: Conversation analysis, as a sociological research method, currently focuses primarily on formal explanations of adult social behavior, yet research on pre-school children’s conversations has not received sufficient attention. By adopting the methodology of conversation analysis, this study focuses on the characteristics of pre-sequence of request and proposal, and goings-in-front-of-requests and goings-in-front-of-proposals based on naturally occurring children’s game conversation, in order to examine the social behavior of pre-school children. We found three features of children’s game conversation: (1) Exclamations are frequently used as the pre-sequence of problem statement. (2) Problem statements are used as goings-in-front-of-requests or as goings-in-front-of-proposals, or as the proposals themselves. (3) Call responses are used as the pre-sequences of requests and proposals. Pre-school children demonstrate social behavior norms in requests and proposals, while also exhibiting the uniqueness of mental creativity and behavioral choices at this age. This paper expands the research method of conversation analysis into children’s conversations, providing insights for both the analysis of children’s conversations and the study of children’s conversational ability development.