积极主义刑法观下刑法谦抑原则的法理分析

The Legal Philosophy Analysis of the Principle of Modesty in Criminal Law under the Positivist View of Criminal Law

摘要: 积极主义刑法理论常以违背谦抑性为由遭受批判和指责，但实际上，谦抑性作为一种价值判断，具有主观性，如果以其作为判断刑法理论科学与否的标准，其合理性是存在疑问的。本文以谦抑性理论的批判和反思为线索，试图从价值理论的角度否定“唯谦抑论”，并证明积极主义刑法及其两个主张——严密法网和去重刑化之正当性。但即使谦抑主义并非无所不能，它仍然是值得刑法学者和立法者认真对待和尊重的理论，在积极主义刑法的语境下，谦抑主义在理论与现实中的双重意义是不容忽视的。本文将通过梳理谦抑主义的渊源，对其合理定位予以反思，试图化解积极主义和谦抑主义表面上存在的冲突，并从立法和司法的角度肯定谦抑主义的积极意义，提出积极主义视角下的谦抑性主张。

Abstract: Positivist criminal law theory is often criticized and accused of violating modesty, but in fact, modesty, as a value judgment, is subjective. If it is used as a standard to judge whether criminal law theory is scientific or not, its rationality is questionable. Based on the criticism and reflection of modesty theory, this paper attempts to deny the “only modesty theory” from the perspective of value theory and prove the legitimacy of positivist criminal law and its two propositions—strict legal net and de severe punishment. However, even though modesty is not omnipotent, it is still a theory worthy of serious treatment and respect by criminal law scholars and legislators. In the context of positivist criminal law, the dual significance of modesty in theory and reality cannot be ignored. This paper will comb the origin of modesty, reflect on its reasonable positioning, try to resolve the apparent conflict between activism and modesty, affirm the positive significance of modesty from the perspective of legislation and justice, and put forward the proposition of modesty from the perspective of activism.