第三方支付对商业银行盈利能力的影响

The Impact of Third-Party Payment on the Profitability of Commercial Banks

摘要: 本文选取我国16家商业银行2014~2023年的数据作为样本，构建固定效应模型分析第三方支付对商业银行盈利能力的影响效应、异质性及传导机制。结果表明，第三方支付带来的竞争效应占主导地位，对于商业银行的整体盈利能力存在抑制作用，并且对非国有银行的影响更为显著；另外，机制分析表明，第三方支付主要是通过挤占信贷市场，导致商业银行利差收入缩窄，进而影响其盈利能力。未来应高度重视第三方支付带来的冲击，同时进一步引导银行加强与第三方支付的合作，提升自身创新能力水平，实现互利共赢。

Abstract: In this paper, the data of 16 commercial banks in China from 2014 to 2023 are selected as samples to build a fixed-effect model to analyze the influence effect, heterogeneity and transmission mechanism of third-party payment on the profitability of commercial banks. The results show that the competitive effect brought by third-party payment dominates, suppresses the overall profitability of commercial banks, and has more significant influence on non-state-owned banks. In addition, the mechanism analysis shows that the third-party payment mainly shrinks the spread income by squeezing the credit market, thus affecting their profitability. In the future, we should attach great importance to the impact of payment brought by third-party payment, and further guide banks to strengthen cooperation with third-party payment, improve their innovation ability, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.