衬膜水稻种植对荒漠化土壤肥力修复的研究——以科尔沁沙地为例

Research on Fertility Restoration of Desertified Soil by Film-Lined Rice Cultivation—Taking Horqin Sandland as an Example

摘要: 为了修复荒漠化土壤、提升荒漠化土壤的肥力，本文选取了自2014年起在科尔沁奈曼旗沙地利用衬膜水稻种植技术修复的土壤作为研究对象，介绍了几种衬膜水稻种植的技术和工艺，主要研究了连续衬膜水稻种植和种植后休耕对科尔沁沙地土壤肥力的影响，以研究区未修复的沙地作为对照，分别对0~10、10~20和20~30 cm土层中的土壤全氮、全磷、全钾以及土壤有机质含量进行了测量。结果表明，连续衬膜水稻种植和种植后休耕可以提升土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾以及土壤有机质含量。与未修复的沙地土壤相比，连续衬膜水稻种植的土壤全氮含量在0~10、10~20、20~30 cm的土层中分别提升了123%、126%、38%，全磷含量在0~10、10~20、20~30 cm的土层中分别提升了67%、57%、71%，全钾含量在0~10、10~20、20~30 cm的土层中分别提升了15%、14%、19%，有机质含量在0~10、10~20、20~30 cm的土层中分别提升了198%、225%、172%。但是种植后休耕的土壤的全碳、全氮以及土壤有机质含量相较于连续衬膜水稻种植的有所下降，但仍高于未修复沙漠的水平。综上，衬膜水稻种植技术可以改善荒漠化地区的土壤肥力，对荒漠化土壤的治理具有积极作用。然而，不能只通过自然演替就使种植后休耕地的土壤的质量达到草原的水平。因此，需要在种植后的休耕地上采取一定的人工干预措施，例如人工植草或者植被覆盖休耕土壤等方式来减少土壤中的水和肥料的损失，从而促进演替，达到长期的修复效果。

Abstract: In order to repair desertification soil and improve the fertility of desertification soil, this paper selected the soil that has been repaired by film-lined rice planting technology in Naiman Banner of Horqin since 2014 as the research object, introduced several film-lined rice planting technologies and processes, mainly studied the impact of continuous film-lined rice planting and fallow after planting on soil fertility in Horqin Sandy Land, and measured the content of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and soil organic matter in 0~10, 10~20 and 20~30 cm soil layers respectively, taking the unrepaired sandy land in the study area as the control. The results showed that continuous film-lined rice planting and fallow after planting can increase the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and soil organic matter content in the soil. Compared with unrepaired sandy soil, the total nitrogen content of the soil planted with continuous film-lined rice in the soil layers of 0~10, 10~20, and 20~30 cm increased by 123%, 126%, and 38%, respectively. The total phosphorus content in the soil layers of 0~10, 10~20, and 20~30 cm increased by 67%, 57%, and 71%, respectively. The total potassium content in the soil layers of 0~10, 10~20, and 20~30 cm increased by 15%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. The organic matter content in the soil layers of 0~10, 10~20, and 20~30 cm increased by 198%, 225%, and 172%, respectively. However, the total carbon, total nitrogen, and soil organic matter content of the fallow soil after planting have decreased compared to continuous film-rice cultivation, but still remain higher than the level of unrepaired desert. In summary, the film-lined rice planting technology can improve soil fertility in desertified areas and have a positive effect on the management of desertified soil. However, the soil quality of fallow land after planting can not be achieved at the level of grasslands solely through natural succession. Therefore, it is necessary to take certain artificial intervention measures on fallow land after planting, such as artificial grass planting or vegetation covering fallow soil, to reduce the loss of water and fertilizer in the soil, promote succession, and achieve long-term restoration effects.