SGLT-2抑制剂在治疗糖尿病肾脏病中的研究进展

Advances in SGLT-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy

摘要: 糖尿病肾脏病是糖尿病患者常见的并发症之一，也是导致终末期肾病的主要原因。目前研究已发现多种糖尿病肾脏病的发病机制，包括血流动力学改变、炎症反应、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍等。钠–葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2抑制剂)是一类新型降糖药，其作用机制是通过抑制肾脏近端小管细胞钠–葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2 (sodium-glucose transporter 2, SGLT-2)的表达，并选择性与其结合，从而减少葡萄糖的重吸收，促使尿糖排出，达到降血糖的效果。目前，SGLT-2抑制剂广泛用于2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的治疗。随着研究的不断深入，SGLT-2抑制剂在治疗糖尿病肾脏病患者方面也显示出显著的临床效益，并已成为该类疾病治疗的一线用药。

Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Current research has identified multiple pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy, including hemodynamic alterations, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors) are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs, whose mechanism of action is to inhibit the expression of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) in renal proximal tubular cells and selectively bind to it, thereby reducing glucose reabsorption and inducing the excretion of urinary glucose to lower blood glucose. Currently, SGLT-2 inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the deepening of research, SGLT-2 inhibitors have also shown significant clinical benefits in the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy and have become the first-line drug in the treatment of this type of disease.