我国农村家庭养老模式的现状、挑战与对策综述

A Review of the Current Status, Challenges, and Strategies of Rural Family Elderly Care in China

摘要: 随着人口老龄化的加剧，农村家庭养老作为中国养老体系的重要组成部分，面临着家庭结构变化、社会经济转型和文化观念冲击等多重挑战。本文系统梳理了农村家庭养老的概念与历史演变，全面分析了其现状与影响因素，揭示了当前经济压力、照料资源短缺和观念冲突等突出困境。在此基础上，提出了针对性的对策建议，包括加强经济支持、优化照料资源、更新文化观念、完善政策法规以及促进社区与社会协同等方面，力求构建可持续发展的农村家庭养老体系。研究表明，农村家庭养老在中国农村社会中具有不可替代的基础性地位，其优化与创新对于应对老龄化社会挑战、保障老年人福祉和推动城乡协调发展具有重要意义。

Abstract: With the aggravation of the aging population, rural family care, as an important part of China’s elderly care system, is facing multiple challenges from changes in family structure, social and economic transformation, and cultural concept shock. This paper systematically sorts out the concepts and historical evolution of rural family care, comprehensively analyzes its current status and influencing factors, and reveals the prominent dilemmas of current economic pressure, resource shortage of care, and conceptual conflicts. Based on this, targeted policy recommendations are put forward, including enhancing economic support, optimizing care resources, updating cultural concepts, improving policy and legal systems, and promoting community and social coordination, aiming to build a sustainable rural family care system. The study shows that rural family care plays an indispensable fundamental role in rural society in China, and its optimization and innovation are of great significance for addressing the challenges of an aging society, safeguarding the well-being of the elderly, and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.