青少年特发性脊柱侧凸手术麻醉方法的现代进展与临床选择

Modern Advances and Clinical Options for Anesthesia Methods for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery

摘要: 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, AIS)是一种常见的脊柱发育性疾病，主要影响青春期的青少年，导致脊柱在三维空间的异常弯曲和旋转。随着医疗技术的进步，脊柱侧凸矫正手术已成为治疗重度侧凸的主要方法。然而，这类手术的复杂性对麻醉管理提出了高要求。本文综述了AIS手术麻醉的最新进展，包括麻醉方法的选择、神经电生理监测的应用、多模式镇痛策略以及超声引导下神经阻滞技术。个体化的麻醉风险评估和精准的麻醉方案制定能够有效降低术中并发症的发生率，确保患者的安全与舒适。此外，人工智能和新型监测技术的引入为麻醉管理提供了新的可能性，进一步提升了麻醉的安全性和有效性。尽管如此，AIS手术麻醉仍面临挑战，未来的研究应继续关注这些领域，以推动麻醉学科的发展，改善患者的术后恢复质量。

Abstract: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common developmental disorder of the spine that mainly affects adolescents during adolescence, resulting in abnormal curvature and rotation of the spine in three-dimensional space. With the advancement of medical technology, scoliosis correction surgery has become the main treatment method for severe scoliosis. However, the complexity of this type of surgery places high demands on anesthesia management. This article reviews the latest advances in anesthesia for AIS surgery, including the selection of anesthesia methods, the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring, multimodal analgesia strategies, and ultrasound-guided nerve block techniques. Individualized anesthesia risk assessment and accurate anesthesia plan formulation can effectively reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications and ensure the safety and comfort of patients. In addition, the introduction of artificial intelligence and new monitoring technologies has provided new possibilities for anesthesia management, further improving the safety and effectiveness of anesthesia. Despite this, AIS surgical anesthesia still faces challenges, and future research should continue to focus on these areas to promote the development of anesthesiology and improve the quality of postoperative recovery of patients.