193例儿童急性中毒的临床特点分析

Clinical Analysis of 193 Cases of Acute Poisoning in Children

摘要: 目的：研究急性中毒患儿的病例资料，掌握其临床特征及流行趋势，为制定青春期儿童自杀的预防控制策略及防止自我暴力的公共卫生政策提供相关依据。方法：对2021~2023年内蒙古自治区人民医院儿科病房收住院的急性中毒患儿的病例资料进行回顾性分析，包括年龄、性别、出入院时间、住院时长、是否为自杀、中毒药物类型等。结果：急性中毒儿童中有144例(74.6%)为女性患儿，49例(25.4%)为男性患儿；年龄分布上占比最高的为青春期儿童：145例(75.1%)，其次为幼儿期儿童：18例(9.3%)；摄入单一中毒物质的患儿有123例(63.7%)，摄入多种中毒物质的患儿70例(36.3%)；包括治愈病例(n = 81, 42.0%)、好转病例(n = 111, 57.5%)及死亡病例(n = 1, 0.5%)。故意摄入毒物/药物引起的中毒有160例(82.9%)，意外摄入毒物/药物引起的中毒有33例(17.1%)。最常见的摄入药物类别为抗精神失常药(n = 59, 30.6%)、镇静催眠药(n = 36, 18.7%)、解热镇痛抗炎药(n = 21, 10.9%)以及化学治疗药物(n = 16, 8.3%)、呼吸系统药物(n = 14, 7.3%)。结论：中毒物质种类上，药物中毒占据首位。在儿童急性中毒中，绝大多数病例为故意摄入药物而引起的中毒，青春期女性是自杀的高危人群，迫切需要将普及合理的教养、教育方式及增强心理弹性作为制定公共卫生政策重点。

Abstract: Objective: To study the case data of children with acute poisoning, to grasp their clinical characteristics and epidemiological trends, and to provide a relevant basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for suicide in adolescent children and public health policies to prevent self-violence. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the case data of children with acute poisoning admitted to the pediatric ward of the Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital from 2021 to 2023, including age, gender, time of admission and discharge, length of hospitalization, suicide status, and type of poisoning drugs. Results: Among the 193 pediatric patients with acute poisoning, 144 (74.6%) were female and 49 (25.4%) were male. In terms of age distribution, the highest proportion was in adolescents (145 cases, 75.1%), followed by toddlers (18 cases, 9.3%). Regarding the types of toxic substances ingested, 123 patients (63.7%) had ingested a single toxic substance, while 70 patients (36.3%) had ingested multiple substances. The outcomes included 81 cases (42.0%) of complete recovery, 111 cases (57.5%) of improvement, and 1 case (0.5%) of death. Intentional ingestion of toxins or medications accounted for 160 cases (82.9%), while accidental ingestion accounted for 33 cases (17.1%). The most commonly ingested categories of drugs were antipsychotics (n = 59, 30.6%), sedative-hypnotics (n = 36, 18.7%), antipyretic-anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 21, 10.9%), chemotherapeutic agents (n = 16, 8.3%), and respiratory system medications (n = 14, 7.3%). Conclusion: In terms of types of toxic substances, drug poisoning ranks first. In pediatric acute poisoning, the vast majority of cases are caused by intentional ingestion of drugs, with adolescent females being a high-risk group for suicide. There is an urgent need to focus on popularizing rational parenting and educational methods and enhancing psychological resilience as key priorities in formulating public health policies.