不同年龄阶段下的依恋研究

Research on Attachment across Different Age Stages

摘要: 依恋形成于个体生命早期与依恋对象(通常为养育者)的情感互动过程，是一种稳定的情感联结。内部工作模型是依恋理论的核心概念，但以往研究更多地关注于内部工作模型的稳定性，忽视了个体随着年龄变化的发展性。在回顾完依恋及其内部工作模型后，该研究对不同年龄阶段下的依恋研究进行整理发现：安全依恋(积极的内部自我模型和积极的外部他人模型)在不同年龄阶段中的积极效应是较为一致的，但依恋的对象在一定程度上展现出符合年龄阶段的规律性。这或许表明依恋同时具有稳定性及发展性，其有利于依恋理论和测量方式的发展与完善。

Abstract: Attachment forms in early life through emotional interactions with attachment figures (typically caregivers) and represents a stable emotional bond. The internal working model is a core concept of attachment theory; however, previous research has primarily focused on the stability of internal working models, neglecting their developmental aspects as individuals age. After reviewing attachment and its internal working models, this study organized research on attachment across different age stages and found that secure attachment (characterized by positive internal self-model and external other-model) consistently exhibits positive effects across different age stages. However, the objects of attachment demonstrated a certain degree of age-related regularity. This perhaps indicates that attachment possesses both stability and developmental aspects, which could facilitate the advancement and refinement of attachment theory and measurement approaches.