子宫内膜癌组织TFRC表达及其预后价值
TFRC Expression in Endometrial Cancer Tissues and Its Prognostic Value
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.152329, PDF, HTML, XML,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 米婷婷:青岛大学青岛医学院,山东 青岛;青岛市市立医院妇科,山东 青岛;张裕民:菏泽市食品药品检验检测研究院质量科,山东 菏泽;张维娜, 张 萍*:青岛市市立医院妇科,山东 青岛
关键词: 子宫内膜癌转铁蛋白受体Bcl-2预后Endometrial Cancer Transferrin Receptor Bcl-2 Prognosis
摘要: 目的:探讨转铁蛋白受体(TFRC)在子宫内膜癌及癌旁组织中的表达、临床病理特征及预后价值。方法:以青岛市市立医院接受手术治疗的50例子宫内膜癌患者术后收集的子宫内膜癌组织及癌旁组织制备的石蜡切片为研究样本,利用免疫组化技术来评估转铁蛋白受体(TFRC)和Bcl-2在这两类组织中的表达特征,分析TFRC表达水平与子宫内膜癌患者预后之间的关联。结果:转铁蛋白受体(TFRC)在50例子宫内膜癌样本中的阳性表达率为68%,而在对应的癌旁组织中,该比率降至36%,两组之间的表达差异显示出显著的统计学意义(P < 0.01),Bcl-2在50例子宫内膜癌组织样本中的阳性表达率为62%,而在对应的癌旁组织中,阳性表达率则为42%。两组之间的差异具有显著的统计学意义(P < 0.05)。TFRC和BCl-2在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织,且两者在癌组织中的表达呈正相关(r: 0.435, P < 0.01)。子宫内膜癌组织中,TFRC阳性表达与淋巴结转移和分期密切相关(P < 0.05)。并且TFRC阴性表达组5年生存率高于阳性表达组。BCl-2阳性表达与分化程度(P = 0.02)密切相关。结论:与癌旁组织相比,TFRC及Bcl-2这两种蛋白在子宫癌组织中的表达水平呈现出明显的升高趋势,且两者表达呈正相关,TFRC阳性表达与不良预后密切相关。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expression, clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value of transferrin receptor (TFRC) in endometrial cancer and paracancerous tissues. Methods: Paraffin sections of endometrial cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues collected from 50 endometrial cancer patients who underwent surgery in Qingdao Municipal Hospital were used as study samples, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression characteristics of transferrin receptor (TFRC) and Bcl-2 in these tissues, and to analyze the correlation between the expression level of TFRC and the prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer. Results: The positive expression rate of transferrin receptor (TFRC) in 50 endometrial cancer tissue samples was 68%, while in the corresponding paracancerous tissues, the rate decreased to 36%, and the difference in expression between the two groups showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01), and the positive expression rate of Bcl-2 in 50 endometrial cancer tissue samples was 62%, while in the corresponding paracancerous tissues, the positive expression rate was 42%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the expression of TFRC and BCl-2 in endometrial cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues, with a positive correlation between the two expressions in cancer tissues (r: 0.435, P < 0.01). In endometrial cancer tissues, TFRC positive expression was closely associated with lymph node metastasis and stage (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate was higher in the TFRC-negative group than in the TFRC-positive group, and the positive expression of BCl-2 was closely associated with the degree of differentiation (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Compared with paraneoplastic tissues, the expression levels of TFRC and Bcl-2 proteins in uterine cancer tissues showed an obvious trend of elevation, and the expression of the two proteins was positively correlated with each other, and the positive expression of TFRC was closely related to the poor prognosis.
文章引用:米婷婷, 张裕民, 张维娜, 张萍. 子宫内膜癌组织TFRC表达及其预后价值[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(2): 163-170. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.152329

1. 引言

子宫内膜癌是高收入国家中最常见的妇科癌症,其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势[1],每年有400,000例新增和超过80,000例死亡[2],因此,确定新的治疗靶点及识别潜在的生物标志物至关重要。转铁蛋白受体(TFRC)作为细胞内一种重要的物质,在各种生理和病理的过程中发挥着重要的作用。根据人类蛋白图谱数据库,分析TFRC在囊泡,内体,和溶酶体中表达[3]。TFRC参与肿瘤进展在肝、乳腺癌、肺癌和结肠癌细胞中大量表达,在各种肿瘤组织中的免疫组织化学结果显示,大多数癌症表现出中度至强的细胞质阳性,类癌、前列腺癌和睾丸癌在人类蛋白质图谱中呈阴性[4]-[6]。本研究分析子宫内膜癌组织中TFRC的表达情况以及与临床病理特征和预后的关系。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

本研究选取了2017年1月至2019年11月期间,在青岛市市立医院接受手术治疗的50例子宫内膜癌患者作为研究对象。所有患者均接受了系统的临床评估,并根据其病理诊断确认为子宫内膜癌。收集术中以上研究对象的子宫内膜组织和癌旁组织。子宫内膜癌患者纳入标准如下:① 患者须具备完整的临床资料;② 术前未接受任何辅助治疗;③ 术后按照规范完成辅助治疗,并进行随访。排除标准:① 合并其他恶性肿瘤患者;② 血液类系统疾病以及免疫类系统疾病患者;③ 非首次手术患者;④ 中途失访者。本研究已获得青岛市市立医院医学伦理委员会的审核与批准(KTLL202306189)。所有标本的采集均在患者及其家属充分知情并同意的情况下进行。

2.2. 免疫组化

采用二步法进行免疫组化染色,石蜡切片经脱蜡、水化,在微波炉内加热15分钟修复抗原,用3% H2O2去除内源性过氧化物酶,血清封闭,TFRC抗体(1:400稀释) (proteintech公司) 4℃孵育过夜,然后滴加二抗,磷酸盐缓冲液冲洗3次,滴入二氨基联苯胺显色,苏木精复染,脱水、透明、封片,光学显微镜下观察组织切片,阳性细胞半定量分级法评分。由两名病理专家双盲随机阅片评估,在高倍镜下对细胞染色作如下评分:(1) 阳性细胞比例评分当阳性细胞占整个肿瘤细胞的比例小于5%时,评0分;比例在5%至25%之间,评1分;比例在26%至50%,评2分;比例在51%至75%,评3分;超过75%,则评4分;(2) 阳性细胞染色强度评分细胞无着色,评0分;呈现淡黄色,评1分棕黄色,评2分;棕褐色,评3分;(3) 两项结果相乘≤6分表示阴性表达,>6分表示阳性表达。

2.3. 随访

对50例患者门诊或者电话等多种方式进行随访。随访时间从患者接受手术之日起,至死亡或至失访日期或至2023年12月末次随访。总生存期为患者接受手术之日至末次随访或死亡或失访之间的时间。

2.4. 统计学处理

使用SPSS 25.0统计学软件处理数据。分类资料采用[例(%)]表示,两组间比较采用卡方检验。为了评估TFRC与Bcl-2蛋白表达之间的关联性,采用了Spearman秩相关分析方法。生存分析则通过Kaplan-Meier法予以实施。统计学显著性水平设定为P < 0.05,即当P值小于0.05时,认为两变量间存在显著差异。

3. 结果

3.1. TFRC与BCl-2在子宫内膜癌组织中情况比较

TFRC蛋白主要定位在细胞膜和细胞质中,阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒。Bcl-2蛋白主要位于细胞浆中,表现为黄色或棕黄色,有时以颗粒状形式聚集在核周区域。在50例子宫内膜癌中,TFRC与Bcl-2表达明显高于癌旁组织(图1图2)。TFRC在50例子宫内膜组织中的阳性表达率为68% (34/50),高于癌旁组织中阳性率36% (18/50),差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 10.256, P < 0.05)。Bcl-2在50例子宫内膜癌组织中的阳性表达率为62% (31/45),癌旁组织中阳性率为42% (21/50),差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 4.006, P < 0.05) (表1),癌组织中TFRC与Bcl-2同时表达阳性者有26例,同时表达阴性者共11例。子宫内膜癌组织中TFRC与Bcl-2表达呈正相关(r = 0.435, P < 0.05)。

3.2. TFRC、Bcl-2表达与患者临床病理特征的关系

子宫内膜癌患者癌组织中TFRC的阳性表达与淋巴结转移、临床病理分期相关(均P < 0.05),与年龄、肌层浸润深度、分化程度等无关。子宫内膜癌患者癌组织中Bcl-2阳性表达与分化程度相关(P < 0.05),与其他因素无关(表2)。

Figure 1. Expression of TFRC in endometrial cancer tissues and adjacent tissues

1. TFRC在子宫内膜癌和癌旁组织中的表达

Figure 2. Expression of Bcl-2 in endometrial cancer tissues and adjacent tissues

2. Bcl-2在子宫内膜癌和癌旁组织中的表达

Table 1. Comparison of the expressions of TFRC and Bcl-2 in endometrial cancer tissues and adjacent tissues

1. 子宫内膜癌与癌旁组织中TFRC、Bcl-2的表达比较

组别

例数

TFRC

Bcl-2

阳性(%)

阴性(%)

阳性

阴性

子宫内膜癌组

50

34 (68%)

16 (32%)

31 (62%)

19 (38%)

癌旁组织

50

18 (36%)

32 (64%)

21 (42%)

29 (58%)

χ2

10.256

4.006

P

0.001

0.045

Table 2. Correlation analysis between TFRC and clinicopathological data of patients with endometrial cancer

2. TFRC与子宫内膜癌患者临床病理资料相关性分析

项目

例数

基因阳性 [例(%)]

χ2

P值

Bcl-2阳性 [例(%)]

χ2

P值

年龄

0.219

0.639

0.002

0.967

<50岁

12

7 (58.3)

8 (66.7)

≥50岁

38

27 (71.1)

23 (60.5)

肌层浸润深度

0.327

0.567

1.438

0.230

≤50%

34

24 (70.6)

23 (67.6)

>50%

16

10 (62.5)

8 (50)

淋巴结转移

4.766

0.029

0.683

0.409

15

14 (93.3)

8 (53.3)

35

20 (57.1)

23 (65.7)

分化程度

1.186

0.276

5.456

0.02

高/中分化

41

26 (63.4)

29 (70.7)

低分化

9

8 (88.9)

2 (22.2)

临床病理分期

8.074

0.004

1.533

0.216

I~II

33

18 (54.5)

27 (81.8)

III~IV

17

16 (94.1)

4 (23.5)

3.3. TFRC表达与内膜癌患者预后关系

50例患者中,随访时间11~64个月,TFRC阳性表达患者中,生存22例,失访1例,死亡11例,5年生存率为64.7%;TFRC阴性表达患者中5年内生存14例,死亡2例,5年生存率为87.5%,TFRC阳性表达患者5年生存率显著低于TFRC阴性表达患者(P < 0.05) (图3)。

Figure 3. Comparison of postoperative survival curves between patients with negative and positive TFRC expression in endometrial cancer

3. 子宫内膜癌TFRC表达阴性与阳性患者术后生存曲线比较

3.4. Cox回归分析影响子宫内膜癌患者预后的危险因素

单因素分析结果显示,肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TFRC表达水平可能影响到患者预后(P < 0.05);将单因素中具有统计学意义的纳入多因素Cox回归分析,结果显示,肌层浸润深度和TFRC表达水平可能是影响子宫内膜癌预后的独立危险因素(P < 0.05) (表3)。

Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for patients with endometrial cancer

3. 单因素和多因素分析子宫内膜癌患者预后影响因素

变量

单因素分析

多因素分析

SE

HR

95%CI

P

SE

HR

95%CI

P

年龄

0.659

0.942

0.259~3.427

0.927

肌层浸润深度

0.559

0.329

0.110~0.983

0.046

0.585

0.234

0.074~0.736

0.013

淋巴结转移

0.596

0.275

0.085~0.885

0.030

0.622

0.405

0.120~1.372

0.146

分化程度

0.669

0.618

0.167~2.295

0.473

临床病例分期

0.590

0.315

0.099~1.000

0.050

TFRC

0.819

0.189

0.038~0.941

0.042

0.876

0.178

0.032~0.992

0.049

4. 讨论

子宫内膜癌是一种常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤,主要影响绝经后女性[1] [7]。根据统计数据,该疾病的发病率逐年上升。当前,子宫内膜癌的主要治疗手段包括手术、放疗和化疗等[8]。然而,由于患者个体差异,这些治疗方法的疗效存在显著变异,并伴随着术后复发和转移的风险[9]-[11]。因此,探索新的生物标志物以改善子宫内膜癌的诊断和预后评估显得尤为重要。

转铁蛋白受体(TFRC)是铁进入细胞的主要介质[12]。在过量的铁条件下,预计TFRC将降低铁的摄取和毒性。TFRC是一种特异性的铁死亡标志物,可能表征铁死亡的程度[13]-[15]。TFRC基因的沉默会降低肝癌细胞的生长和存活[4],Cheng Yang等运用癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)和基因表达综合数据库的公共数据发现TFRC在胰腺癌组织中高表达。TFRC的上调表达与胰腺癌患者的生存率呈负相关[16]。据报道,TFRl是一种信号传导分子,并且Src在位置20处的酪氨酸磷酸化增强了抗凋亡力并增强了乳腺癌细胞存活和增殖[17],Junyuan Shi等从15个差异表达的预后FRG中,分析了相关10个基因特征,其中ANGPTL7、CDKN2A、DRD4、PGD、SRXN1、TF、TFRC、TXNRD1的高表达代表高风险评分和较差的预后[18],据报道,TFRl是一种信号传导分子,并且Src在位置20处的酪氨酸磷酸化增强了抗凋亡力并增强了乳腺癌细胞存活和增殖[17]然而,TFRC对癌症发展的作用机制尚未不明确。研究表明,随着临床发展及生物学行为恶化,Bcl-2阳性率逐渐降低,W Kong Chan等研究也证明了以上观点[19]

本研究通过对TFRC表达与临床基本病理特征资料的相关性分析发现子宫内膜癌中TFRC表达率高于癌旁组织,这可能与TFRC能够促进肿瘤恶性进展密切相关,且TFRC与子宫内膜癌不良预后密切相关,TFRC阳性表达患者预后更差,以上研究可能为治疗子宫内膜癌临床治疗提供潜在分子靶点。其次在本研究中,我们观察到Bcl-2蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织内的阳性表达显著高于癌旁组织,两者之间的差异达到了统计学上的显著水平(χ2 = 4.006, P < 0.05),且Bcl-2与肿瘤分化程度有关(P < 0.05),子宫内膜癌组织中TFRC与Bcl-2表达呈正相关(r = 0.435, P < 0.05),因此,研究这两种蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达特征及其相互关系,可能为临床提供新的预后评估指标,从而提升患者的治疗效果和生存率。

综上所述,子宫内膜癌的日益严重使得对其生物标志物的研究成为当务之急[20] [21]。TFRC和Bcl-2作为潜在的预后指标,值得深入探讨,本研究揭示了TFRC和Bcl-2在子宫内膜癌中的表达特征及其与患者预后的显著关联,为临床提供了潜在的预后评估指标。这些发现不仅为个体化治疗策略的制定提供了重要依据,也为未来的研究方向提供了启示。随着进一步的验证和临床应用,TFRC和Bcl-2有望成为改善子宫内膜癌患者预后的重要生物标志物,从而推动个体化医疗的发展。

作者贡献声明

米婷婷:实验设计、实施研究;张裕民:分析及解释数据、实验研究;张维娜:数据收集、起草文章;张萍:统计分析、研究指导、论文审阅。

基金项目

青岛市自然科学基金(23-2-1-187-zyyd-jch);山东省医学会临床科研资金(YXH2022ZX02155)。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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