喉癌相关预后因素及临床治疗研究现状

Research Status of Prognostic Factors and Clinical Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer

摘要: 喉癌是常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病率和死亡率较高，预后和生存质量较差，因此探索其预后因素并制定个体化治疗策略至关重要。本文从患者、肿瘤及治疗手段三方面综述喉癌相关预后因素及临床治疗研究现状。患者因素包括性别、年龄、不良嗜好、职业暴露及HPV感染等；肿瘤因素涉及病理学、TNM分期、颈淋巴结转移及远处转移等；治疗手段涵盖手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗及术后护理和康复等。喉癌发病率呈上升趋势，多种危险因素与癌变机制相关性待明确。手术是主要治疗手段之一，放疗和全身治疗等非手术选项也可行，未来将向多专业参与和多学科团队诊疗发展，以制定个体化治疗策略，提高患者生存质量。

Abstract: Laryngeal cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, and poor prognosis and quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to explore its prognostic factors and develop individualized treatment strategies. This article reviews the current research status of prognostic factors and clinical treatment of laryngeal cancer from three aspects: patient, tumor, and treatment methods. Patient factors include gender, age, bad habits, occupational exposure, and HPV infection; tumor factors involve pathology, TNM staging, cervical lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis; treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, postoperative care, and rehabilitation. The incidence of laryngeal cancer is on the rise, and the correlation between many risk factors and carcinogenesis mechanism remains to be clarified. Surgery is one of the main treatment methods, and non-surgical options such as radiotherapy and systemic treatment are also feasible. In the future, it will develop towards multi-professional participation and multidisciplinary team diagnosis and treatment to formulate individualized treatment strategies and improve the quality of life of patients.