针灸治疗失眠的现状及研究进展

The Current Situation and Research Progress of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Treating Insomnia

摘要: 失眠症是一种持续的睡眠障碍，主要表现为难以入睡、夜间频繁醒来或早醒，并可能伴随日间疲劳、注意力不集中、记忆力减退、情绪波动及身体不适症状如头痛和肌肉紧张，严重影响患者的日常生活和工作效率。其病因复杂多样，包括神经递质(如5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素)的失衡、中枢神经系统调节紊乱、心理压力(如工作压力、生活压力导致的精神紧张和焦虑)以及不利的环境因素(如噪音、不舒适的室温)等。病人的病情会一直持续下去，很容易出现焦虑症、抑郁症等心理健康问题，也会增加高血压、冠心病等心血管疾病的发病率，以及肥胖、糖尿病等疾病的发病几率，还会对人体的消化系统、免疫功能有一定的不良影响，有可能导致药物依赖或者滥用，对人们的身心健康、生活质量、学习和工作效率等都有很大的不良影响。中医对该病的预防和治疗具有明显的效果，正在被越来越多的人接受。因此，寻找一种实用、可行、有效的治疗方法，对失眠具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Abstract: Insomnia is a persistent sleep disorder, mainly characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night or early morning awakening, and may be accompanied by daytime fatigue, inattention, memory decline, mood swings, and physical discomfort symptoms such as headache and muscle tension, which seriously affect the daily life and work efficiency of patients. Its causes are complex and diverse, including imbalances of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin and norepinephrine), dysregulation of the central nervous system, psychological stress (such as mental tension and anxiety caused by work and life pressure), and unfavorable environmental factors (such as noise and uncomfortable room temperature). The patient’s condition can persist and easily lead to mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, as well as the risk of diseases such as obesity and diabetes. It also has certain adverse effects on the digestive system and immune function of the human body, and may lead to drug dependence or abuse, having a significant negative impact on people’s physical and mental health, quality of life, learning and work efficiency, etc. Traditional Chinese medicine has obvious effects on the prevention and treatment of this disease and is being accepted by more and more people. Therefore, finding a practical, feasible, and effective treatment method has important theoretical and practical significance for insomnia.