大学生性别角色、共情与亲社会行为的关系研究

The Relationships between Gender Roles, Empathy and Prosocial Behavior among College Students

摘要: 本研究利用线上问卷调查的方式，对333名在校大学生进行研究，考察了其性别角色与共情、亲社会行为的关系。性别角色分为男性特质和女性特质两个维度，根据维度的高低水平，可分为双向化、男性化、女性化和未分化四类群体。研究具体包括两个目标：(1) 不同性别角色类型在共情能力和亲社会行为之间的差异表现。(2) 共情能力在性别角色特质与亲社会之间是否存在中介作用。结果发现：(1) 四种性别角色类型中，双向化群体在共情能力和亲社会行为上的水平最高，未分化群体最低。(2) 男性特质、女性特质分别与共情能力、亲社会行为之间呈现两两显著正相关，而且，共情能力在两种性别角色特质与亲社会行为之间存在部分中介作用。

Abstract: This study used an online questionnaire survey to investigate the relationships between gender roles, empathy, and prosocial behavior among 333 college students. Gender role included two di-mensions, which were male traits and female traits. According to the level of these two dimensions, participants can be divided into four groups: androgyny group, masculine group, feminine group, and undifferentiated group. The research specifically includes two objectives: (1) the differences in empathy and prosocial behavior among the four gender role types; (2) whether empathy played a mediating role between gender role traits and prosocial behavior. The results showed that: (1) Among the four gender role groups, the androgyny group had the highest levels of empathy and prosocial behavior, and the undifferentiated group was the lowest of these two measurements. (2) There was a positive correlation between male traits/female traits and empathy ability and proso-cial behavior, and empathy ability partially mediates the relationship between the two gender role traits and prosocial behavior.