外立面形式对高层建筑表面风压的影响规律研究

Study on the Influence of Facade Form on Surface Wind Pressure of High-Rise Buildings

摘要: 为研究方形高层建筑表面粗糙度对高层建筑风荷载的影响，通过在光滑表面分别增设11种不同形式的突出构件来进行方形高层建筑模型测压试验，研究分析了不同模型对表面风压系数的影响规律。研究表明：水平板、竖向板和矩形格栅的布置会增大迎风面的表面风压系数，竖向附属物厚度的增大对迎风面表面风压系数的增幅更为明显，水平板会减小侧风面负压，竖向板和矩形格栅d_r的增大会使侧风面前后缘风压差异变大。矩形格栅的尺寸对侧风面平均风压绝对值有很大影响，减小矩形格栅的密度会减小侧风面的负压。在斜风向角下，尤其是竖向板与矩形格栅厚度的增大能较为显著地减小最不利正压与负压的极值风压系数。总的来说，建筑表面布置合理尺寸的水平板、竖向板、矩形格栅有利于建筑结构表面局部围护结构的抗风设计。

Abstract: To study the effect of surface roughness on the wind load of high-rise buildings, wind pressure measurement tests were conducted on a square high-rise building model with 11 different types of protruding components added to a smooth surface. The study analyzed the impact of different model configurations on the surface wind pressure coefficients. The results show that the arrangement of horizontal plates, vertical plates, and rectangular grids increases the surface wind pressure coefficient on the windward side. The increase in the thickness of vertical attachments significantly amplifies the surface wind pressure coefficient on the windward side. Horizontal plates reduce the negative pressure on the leeward side, while the increase in the dimensions of vertical plates and rectangular grids d_r increases the wind pressure differential between the front and rear edges of the leeward side. The size of the rectangular grids has a significant effect on the average wind pressure on the leeward side, and reducing the density of the rectangular grids decreases the negative pressure on the leeward side. Under oblique wind angles, especially the increase in thickness of vertical plates and rectangular grids significantly reduces the extreme positive and negative wind pressure coefficients. Overall, the rational arrangement of horizontal plates, vertical plates, and rectangular grids on the building surface is beneficial for the wind resistance design of the local cladding structures on the building.