基于区块链和需求响应的电力系统减排模型

Power System Emission Reduction Modelling Based on Blockchain and Demand Response

摘要: 随着全球能源转型和碳排放监管的不断加强，电力市场的运行效率和碳排放管理面临着前所未有的挑战。本文提出了一个基于区块链技术的双层博弈优化模型，旨在提升电力市场的运营效率和碳排放管理。模型通过精确调控需求响应机制，优化电力市场中的供需平衡与碳排放分配。上层问题侧重于供给侧的决策，结合传统火电与可再生风电的成本、收益及碳交易因素，推动电力供应商在低碳环境下作出最优选择；下层问题则聚焦于用户侧，通过需求响应机制引导用户根据电力价格波动和可用电量作出灵活调整，促进绿色电力的消费。区块链技术的引入，不仅确保了电力交易和碳排放数据的透明和可追溯，还增强了市场参与者之间的信息对称性，从而提升了系统整体效率。实验结果表明，引入区块链后，用户侧的需求响应能显著提升电力市场的运行效率，为电力市场定价机制和碳排放管理提供了重要的理论支持和实践指导。

Abstract: With the continuous strengthening of global energy transformation and carbon emission regulation, the operational efficiency of the power market and carbon emission management are facing unprecedented challenges. This paper proposes a two-layer game optimization model based on blockchain technology, aiming to enhance the operational efficiency of the power market and carbon emission management. The model precisely regulates the demand response mechanism to optimize the supply-demand balance and carbon emission allocation in the power market. The upper-level problem focuses on the decision-making of the supply side. By considering the costs, revenues, and carbon trading factors of traditional thermal power and renewable wind power, it promotes power suppliers to make optimal choices in a low-carbon environment. The lower-level problem focuses on the user side. Through the demand response mechanism, it guides users to make flexible adjustments according to power price fluctuations and available power, promoting the consumption of green electricity. The introduction of blockchain technology not only ensures the transparency and traceability of power trading and carbon emission data but also enhances the information symmetry among market participants, thus improving the overall system efficiency. Experimental results show that after the introduction of blockchain, the demand response on the user side can significantly improve the operational efficiency of the power market, providing important theoretical support and practical guidance for the pricing mechanism of the power market and carbon emission management.