人工智能技术应用如何影响企业运营效率——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

How the Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology Affects the Operational Efficiency of Enterprises—An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Manufacturing Listed Companies

摘要: 人工智能技术的快速发展为经济社会增添了新动力，本文研究了人工智能技术的应用对企业效率的影响，通过利用2003~2021年中国制造业上市公司人工智能采纳程度的面板数据，实证检验了人工智能技术应用促进了企业运营效率，并且根据企业性质进行检验发现民营企业效果更强。人工智能技术的应用会从降低生产成本和管理费用环节优化生产运营流程从而提高企业的运营效率。本文也检验了市场化程度的调节作用，对于市场化程度较高的地区人工智能技术的应用对企业运营效率的影响更加明显。因此政府应该积极推动国内人工智能技术的快速发展，企业应该深化人工智能技术的应用程度，实施智能化生产，快速实现产业升级和经济高质量发展。

Abstract: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has added a new impetus to the economy and society. This paper investigates the impact of the application of AI technology on the efficiency of enterprises, and empirically examines the application of AI technology promotes the operational efficiency of enterprises by utilizing the panel data on the degree of adoption of AI by listed companies in China’s manufacturing industry from 2003~2021, and the test is carried out based on the nature of the enterprise to find that the effect of private enterprises is stronger. The application of AI technology will optimize the production and operation process from the reduction of production costs and management expenses to improve the operational efficiency of enterprises. This paper also examines the regulating effect of the degree of marketization, and the impact of the application of AI technology on the operational efficiency of enterprises is more obvious in regions with a higher degree of marketization. Therefore, the government should actively promote the rapid development of AI technology in China, and enterprises should deepen the degree of application of AI technology, implement intelligent production, and rapidly realize industrial upgrading and high-quality economic development.