胃癌患者Th17细胞、血清IL-17、MMP2的表达在评估淋巴结转移中的诊断价值
The Diagnostic Value of Th17 Cells, Serum IL-17, and MMP2 Expression in the Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer Patients
DOI: 10.12677/acrem.2025.131012, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 王敏娜:天津市武清区武清中医院检验科,天津
关键词: 胃癌Th17细胞IL-17MMP2Gastric Cancer Th17 Cells IL-17 MMP2
摘要: 目的:探讨Th17细胞、血清白细胞介素-17 (IL-17)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP2)在评估胃癌(GC)淋巴结转移中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2023年1月~2024年10月入住于天津市武清中医院的36例胃癌患者(GC组)及38例胃良性病变患者(对照组),采用流式细胞术检测各组外周血Th17细胞水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中IL-17和MMP2水平,评估这三个检测指标在GC淋巴结转移中的应用价值及三者联合检测的诊断效能。结果:与对照组对比,GC组患者外周血Th17细胞水平明显增高,血清IL-17和MMP2水平也明显较高,差异均有统计学意义(均p < 0.05);GC组中,淋巴结转移者Th细胞水平、血清IL-17和MMP-2水平与未转移者对比,明显较高,差异均有统计学意义(均p < 0.05);Th17、IL-17和MMP2三项联合检测准确度、特异度、灵敏度分别为95.82%、94.21%和97.69%,与单项检测对比,均明显较高,差异均有统计学意义(均p < 0.05)。结论:Th17细胞、IL-17和MMP2与评估GC淋巴结转移有一定关联,三者联合检测有助于GC的鉴别诊断。
Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical application value of Th17 cells, serum Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP2) in assessing the lymph node metastasis of Gastric Cancer (GC). Methods: 36 GC patients (GC group) and 38 patients with benign gastric lesions (control group) admitted to Tianjin Wuqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to October 2024 were selected. Flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood Th17 cell amount in each group, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to measure IL-17 and MMP2 levels in the serum. The application value of these three detection indicators in the lymph node metastasis of GC, as well as the diagnostic efficacy of their combined detection, were evaluated. Results: Compared with control group, patients in the GC group showed a significant increase in Th17 cell levels in peripheral blood and prominently higher serum IL-17 and MMP2 levels, with statistical significance (all p < 0.05). In the GC group, the amount of Th17 cells, serum IL-17, and MMP-2 was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis compared to those without metastasis, and the differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the combined detection of Th17, IL-17, and MMP2 were 95.82%, 94.21% and 97.69%, respectively. Compared with single detection, they were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Th17 cells, IL-17, and MMP2 are associated with lymph node metastasis in GC, and their combined detection can help in the differential diagnosis of GC.
文章引用:王敏娜. 胃癌患者Th17细胞、血清IL-17、MMP2的表达在评估淋巴结转移中的诊断价值[J]. 亚洲急诊医学病例研究, 2025, 13(1): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.12677/acrem.2025.131012

1. 引言

胃癌是全球最大的恶性肿瘤之一,每年新发病例约为96.8万例,是癌症相关死亡的第五大原因[1]。目前手术切除、放疗、化疗和联合治疗作为胃癌的主要治疗手段,显著提高了胃癌患者的生存率[2]。然而,胃癌发病隐匿,早期症状大多不明显,由于缺乏有效的早期诊断标记物,往往确诊时已进入中晚期,且25%~50%的病例会在疾病转归过程中发生淋巴结转移[3]。因此,了解胃癌的发生发展机制,开发胃癌早期的诊断性生物标志物尤为重要。

有研究证实Th17细胞——一种新型的CD4+效应T细胞在恶性肿瘤的病理发展过程极为重要[4]。白细胞介素-17 (Interleukin-17, IL-17)是一种多功能的细胞因子,主要由Th17细胞分泌,在肿瘤发生发展及转移中扮演着复杂的角色[5]。IL-17可以通过促进血管生成和肿瘤细胞的迁移来促进肿瘤的生长[6]。例如,在胃腺癌中,IL-17A能够增强肿瘤血管生成和侵袭,通过上调血管内皮生长因子-A (VEGF-A)、血管生成素-2 (Ang-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)和MMP-9的表达,从而促进肿瘤的发展[7]。基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix Metalloproteinase, MMP)在肿瘤的形成过程中起着重要作用[8]。体内实验表明,MMP-2低表达可显著减缓肿瘤生长及体内转移[9]。本研究拟探讨Th17细胞、IL-17、MMP2在GC淋巴结转移中的临床应用价值,以及评估三者联合检测的效能。

2. 材料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

选取天津市武清中医院2023年1月~2024年10月经病理检验确诊的36例GC患者(GC组)及38例胃良性病变患者(良性病变组)为观察对象。GC组纳入标准[10]:① 患者符合GC诊断标准,且经病理检验确诊;② 患者心、肝、肾、肺功能正常;③ 入组前未接受相关放疗、化疗、免疫治疗;④ 预计生存期超过3个月;⑤ 患者临床资料完整。GC组排除标准:① 临床资料不全者;② 患有胃炎、胃溃疡等急慢性感染。③ 伴红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病;④ 并发其他恶性肿瘤;⑤ 妊娠期、哺乳期女性。GC组:男性24例,女性12例,年龄25~77岁,平均年龄53.24 ± 7.66岁。腺癌18例,鳞癌12例,腺鳞癌6。淋巴结转移:有21例,无15例。良性病变组患者入组前均经CT与病理确诊,排除癌前病变,男性20例,女性18例,年龄22~78岁,平均年龄52.14 ± 8.28岁。两组患者性别、年龄对比差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05),有可比性。以上患者均知情同意并经陕西省人民医院伦理委员会批准。

2.2. 仪器与试剂

采用流式细胞术检测各组外周血Th17细胞水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中IL-17和MMP2水平,ELISA试剂盒由武汉伊莱瑞特有限公司提供,所有操作严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。

2.3. 方法

流式细胞检测:无菌抽取空腹患者每人静脉血6 ml,其中肝素抗凝血3 mL,用于流式细胞检测;促凝剂处理的血液3 mL,用于ELISA检测。肝素抗凝血采用淋巴细胞分离液密度梯度离心(2000 r/min离心20 min)分离单个核细胞。每组取5 × 104细胞移入至流式管,向流式管中加入荧光抗体FITC-CD3和PerCP-CD4各10 μL,室温避光反应15 min。1500 r /min速率离心5 min,弃上清。在沉淀中加入Fixation/pormeabilization破膜剂1 mL,混匀室温放置20 min。加入PBS洗液2 mL,1500 r /min速率离心5 min,弃去上清液,留下沉淀。加入10 μL荧光标记的PE-IL17进行细胞内染色,避光反应30 min。加入PBS洗液2 mL,1500 r /min速率离心5 min,弃去上清液,留下沉淀。如此重复洗涤两次后,加入500 μL PBS重悬细胞进行流式检测。

ELISA检测:促凝剂处理的血液常温静置2 h,按2500 r/min离心10 min,分离血清。配制不同浓度标准品,然后将标本和不同浓度标准品加入相应板孔,再加入相应的生物标记素进行标记,置于37℃孵育60 min。洗板4次后,分别加入抗人IL-17和MMP2生物素化的抗体进行反应,37℃孵育60 min,加入特异性酶溶液作用后洗板,加入显色液终止反应,测其OD值,通过绘制标准曲线计算得出IL-17和MMP2的含量。

2.4. 观察指标

观察指标如下:① 比较Th17、IL-17和MMP2在GC组和良性病变组中的表达。② 比较GC组内淋巴结转移和无转移患者Th17、IL-17和MMP2表达情况。③ 比较Th17、IL-17和MMP2单项诊断及三项联合诊断准确度、特异度、敏感度,其中准确度 = (真阳性 + 真阴性)/总例数 × 100%;灵敏度 = 真阳性/(真阳性 + 假阴性 × 100%;特异度 = 真阴性/(真阴性 + 假阳性) × 100%。

2.5. 统计学分析

将研究数据纳入SPSS 22.0统计学软件中,计数资料用百分率(%)表示,使用χ2检验;计量资料用均数 ± 标准差(x ± s)表示,使用方差分析进行组间比较,经t检验,p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

GC组和对照组Th17、IL-17和MMP2水平比较见表1。GC组患者Th17、IL-17和MMP2水平与对照组对比,两组间差异均具有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。

Table 1. Comparison of Th17, IL-17 and MMP2 levels between GC group and control group (x ± s)

1. GC组和对照组患者Th17、IL-17和MMP2水平比较(x ± s)

检测指标

GC组

对照组

t

p

n = 36

n = 38

Th17细胞(%)

3.86 ± 0.92

1.07 ± 0.31

3.09

0.006

IL-17 (pg/mL)

8.06 ± 1.57

2.15 ± 0.84

10.37

<0.001

MMP2 (pg/mL)

56.26 ± 5.20

20.62 ± 2.09

13.32

<0.001

GC淋巴结转移组患者与无淋巴结转移组患者血清Th17、IL-17和MMP2水平比较见表2。GC组中淋巴结转移组患者Th17、IL-17和MMP2水平与无淋巴结转移组患者比较,两组间差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。

Table 2. Comparison of Th17, IL-17 and MMP2 levels between GC lymph node metastasis group and no lymph node metastasis group (x ± s)

2. GC淋巴结转移组与无淋巴结转移组Th17、IL-17和MMP2水平比较(x ± s)

检测指标

无淋巴结转移

淋巴结转移

t

p

n = 15

n = 21

Th17细胞(%)

2.27 ± 0.55

5.41 ± 0.99

5.24

0.005

IL-17 (pg/mL)

6.08 ± 0.83

11.86 ± 2.13

18.37

<0.001

MMP2 (pg/mL)

42.16 ± 2.77

69.04 ± 5.76

15.25

<0.001

Th17、IL-17和MMP2单项及三项联合诊断效能比较见表3。Th17、IL-17和MMP2联合诊断准确度、特异度、灵敏度与单项检测比较,两组间差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。

Table 3. Comparison of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of Th17, IL-17 and MMP2 single and three combined tests (%)

3. Th17、IL-17和MMP2单项及三项联合检测准确度、特异度、灵敏度比较(%)

指标

Th17

IL-17

MMP2

三项联合

三项联合与Th17

三项联合与IL-17

三项联合与MMP2

χ2

p

χ2

p

χ2

p

准确度

74.88

79.37

76.08

95.82

15.71

<0.001

17.22

<0.001

23.31

<0.001

特异度

78.67

80.74

74.22

94.21

6.82

0.019

9.66

0.005

4.12

0.017

灵敏度

86.41

82.40

75.14

97.69

9.54

0.005

17.22

<0.001

20.55

0.001

4. 讨论

胃癌是世界上最常见和致命的肿瘤之一,目前是全球癌症死亡的第三大主要原因,仅次于肺癌和大肠癌,全世界每年有超过一百万例胃癌的新发病例[11]。根据全球恶性肿瘤统计资料显示,2018年全球新增胃癌患者超1,000,000例,其中超过一半的患者生活在发展中国家,同时因胃癌致死的患者人数高达783,000例,相当于2018年全球范围内,每12名胃癌患者中就有1名患者死亡[12]。我国国家癌症中心2019年发布的全国癌症报告显示,我国胃癌发病率仅次于肺癌,几乎每十万人中就有36名胃癌患者[13]。几十年来,癌症的标准疗法主要是手术、化学疗法和放射疗法。尽管手术切除仍然是胃癌患者的主要治疗手段,然而接受根治性切除术的胃癌患者超过半数会发生局部复发或远处转移,以致预后普遍较差,其5年生存率很低,仅约为20%~25% [14]。而胃癌的辅助治疗如化疗和放疗,只能带来有限的生存效益。所以大多数胃癌患者生活质量差,尤其在我国相对落后的西部地区,现状更为堪忧[15]。因此,开发胃癌早期的诊断性生物标志物和治疗靶点成为亟需解决的问题。

本研究中,我们发现GC患者外周血中Th17细胞水平明显高于良性病变组,这表明在胃癌发生发展过程中,Th17细胞易趋化到胃癌组织内,故在胃癌组织局部呈高表达。有研究发现,肿瘤细胞能分泌趋化因子RANTES与单核细胞趋化蛋白1 (MCP-1),诱导Th17细胞在肿瘤局部聚集增殖[16];此外,肿瘤微环境中肿瘤细胞会分泌一些促进Th17细胞增殖所需要的细胞因子,这对Th17细胞的分化有着至关重要的促进作用,其中以分泌的IL-17最常见[17]。这验证了本研究中IL-17结果,即GC患者外周血中IL-17水平明显高于良性病变组。IL-17与炎性反应和免疫活动有密切关系,有学者认为IL-17可能通过趋炎反应促进局部肿瘤的血管生成及侵袭转移,可诱导PI3K/AKT通路[18],使抗凋亡、促血管生成等基因的表达上调[19],促肿瘤发生发展。

MMP-2与肿瘤的浸润和转移密切相关,由肿瘤细胞和间质细胞分泌,参与降解3型胶原、纤维黏连蛋白等胞外基质成分[20]。MMP-2也是肿瘤新生血管形成的关键[21],其可促进VEGF的表达,从而使血管内皮细胞增殖,使血管通透性增加,使血管内皮细胞外基质降解,进而为血管生长及延伸提供基础[22]。这完全解释了我们研究结果中GC患者外周血中MMP2水平明显高于良性病变组,且在淋巴结转移患者中明显升高。

同时,本研究结果提示,Th17、IL-17和MMP2联合检测在GC诊断中的准确度、特异度及灵敏度分别为95.82%、94.21%和97.69%,均明显高于单一检测,提示三种指标联合检测的诊断效能较好。

综上所述,Th17、IL-17和MMP2在GC患者中表达异常,并能反映GC淋巴结转移程度,且三项联合检测具有较高的诊断效能,可为GC诊治提供可靠参考。

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