电商在线纠纷解决中的执行问题研究

Research on Enforcement Issues in Online Dispute Resolution for E-Commerce

摘要: 在线纠纷解决机制(ODR)作为顺应数字时代需求的新业态，协同性、多样性、高效率是其显著优势。但不可否认的是，追求效率的过程中势必会使得程序正义受到一定程度的减损，也正因此，电子商务平台内置的在线调解、在线和解对双方当事人基本没有约束力，故而，执行问题仍然是亟待解决的问题，如果得不到及时地解决，可能会成为制约ODR发展的瓶颈。当前，私力执行主要通过信誉体系与支付系统运作，但其中也存在着自律机制作用有限、执行结果不到位、平台本身的公正性等问题。究其原因，大致可以分为非司法ODR裁决无法强制执行、当事人信任度不高、执行方式单一、缺乏对平台的有效监管这四种。因此，本文将促进行业自律与平台治理相结合作为总体的优化路径，针对性地提出建议，包括更新各种自律机制、推进司法确认制度、协调自我规制与外部监管，以期构建更为合理、有序的执行体系。

Abstract: As a new business form that meets the demands of the digital age, the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism is characterized by its synergy, diversity, and high efficiency. However, it is undeniable that the pursuit of efficiency will inevitably lead to a certain degree of reduction in procedural justice. For this reason, the online mediation and settlement built into e-commerce platforms have little binding force on both parties. Therefore, the issue of enforcement remains an urgent problem that needs to be solved. If not addressed promptly, it may become a bottleneck restricting the development of ODR. Currently, private enforcement mainly operates through the credit system and payment system, but there are also problems such as the limited role of self-regulatory mechanisms, inadequate enforcement results, and the fairness of the platform itself. The reasons for this can be roughly divided into four categories: non-judicial ODR decisions cannot be enforced, low trust among parties, single enforcement methods, and the lack of effective supervision over the platform. Therefore, this article takes promoting industry self-discipline and platform governance as the overall optimization path and puts forward targeted suggestions, including updating various self-regulatory mechanisms, promoting the judicial confirmation system, and coordinating self-regulation and external supervision, in order to build a more reasonable and orderly enforcement system.