“育人为本”视角下小学班主任制的优化策略——基于日、韩、俄三国经验借鉴

Optimization Strategies for the Primary School Class Teacher System from the Perspective of “Education-Oriented”—Based on the Experience of Japan, South Korea and Russia

摘要: “育人为本”的教育理念在全球达成普遍认同，其深刻内涵在班级管理实践中扮演着至关重要的角色。但班主任秉承这一理念从事班级管理的同时，也滋生了“负担过重、权威降低、传统与现代理念融合难以及管理主义倾向”等挑战。因此，本文聚焦核心问题，分别借鉴面临类似上述问题并取得成功经验的三个典型国家：日本、韩国、俄罗斯。通过细致的对比与提炼总结出四大策略：开放教育管理空间；科学量化与持续监测以破解小学班主任的时间困境；因地制宜融合国际新经验；创新人本主义的班级管理方式。

Abstract: The educational concept of “people-oriented” has been universally recognized around the world, and its profound connotation plays a vital role in class management practice. However, while class teachers are engaged in class management with this concept, they also face challenges such as “overburden, reduced authority, difficulty in integrating traditional and modern concepts, and managerialism tendencies”. Therefore, this article focuses on the core issues and draws on three typical countries that have faced similar problems and achieved successful experiences: Japan, South Korea, and Russia. Through detailed comparison and refinement, four major strategies are summarized: opening up educational management space; scientific quantification and continuous monitoring to solve the time dilemma of primary school class teachers; integrating new international experiences according to local conditions; and innovating humanistic class management methods.