从《传习录·上》窥探王阳明之“为学”观

Exploring Wang Yangming’s Perspective on “Learning Concept” from “Chuanxi Lu (Volume I)”

摘要: “为学”在儒家哲学中一直是一个非常重要的问题，历代之学者，无不强调“为学”的重要性。《论语》首篇即为《学而》，好学亦是孔子思想中一个非常重要的概念。荀子亦著有《劝学》篇，由此可见“为学”地位之特殊，王阳明自有其为学观之体系。透过徐爱、陆澄和薛侃所录之部分可以知晓王阳明的为学观体系。为学首先要明其本原，在王阳明这里，为学之本原即为心体。其次，为学有其具体功夫——向内用力、循序渐进、时刻省察。最后，为学之目的和个体人生实践与境界紧密相关，为学是为了更好地进行人生实践，更好地行于世间。

Abstract: “Learning concept” has always been a very important issue in Confucian philosophy, and scholars throughout the ages have always emphasized the importance of “learning concept”. The first part of the Analects is “Learning and Learning”, and learning is also a very important concept in Confucius’ thought. Xunzi also wrote “Advising Learning”, which shows the special status of “learning concept”, and Wang Yangming had his own system of learning concept. Through the parts recorded by Xu Ai, Lu Cheng and Xue Kan, we can understand Wang Yangming’s system of conception of learning. First of all, we must understand the origin of learning, and in Wang Yangming’s case, the origin of learning is the body of the mind. Secondly, there are specific efforts for learning-inward exertion, gradual progress, and constant scrutiny. Finally, the purpose of learning is closely related to the individual’s life practice and realm, and the purpose of learning is to practice life better and to walk better in the world.