论限定继承原则下的保证责任承担

Assumption of Responsibility for Warranties under the Principle of Qualified Succession

摘要: 《民法典》未明确规定保证人死后的保证责任承担问题，司法实践中对此存在不同判决，学界亦未有细致讨论。从保证的本质出发，保证合同并不具有专属性且不因其继续性影响保证债务之继承，保证债务自保证合同生效时即产生，而非产生于债权人向保证人请求履行之时。保证合同效力与保证债务能否由继承人承担应当分别进行判断。对于一般保证，无论保证人何时死亡，继承人均需根据《民法典》第1161条规定在其所得遗产的实际价值范围内承担保证责任。在最高额保证中，须区分保证人死亡前所发生的债务和保证人死亡后所发生的债务。对于前一债务继承人依然需要就此承担相应的保证责任，而后一债务不应属于保证人之继承人的保证责任范围。

Abstract: The Civil Code does not explicitly provide for the assumption of guaranteed liability after the death of the guarantor, and there have been different judgments in judicial practice and no detailed discussion in academia. From the nature of the guarantee, the guaranteed contract is not exclusive and does not affect the inheritance of the guarantee debt because of its continuity, the guarantee debt from the effective time of the guarantee contract, rather than from the creditor to the guarantor to request the performance of the time. The validity of the contract of guarantee and whether the guarantee debt can be assumed by the successor should be judged separately. In the case of a general guarantee, regardless of when the guarantor dies, the heirs are liable to the extent of the actual value of their inheritance in accordance with Article 1161 of the Civil Code. In the case of a maximum guarantee, a distinction must be made between debts incurred before the death of the guarantor and debts incurred after the death of the guarantor. The heirs remain liable for the former, while the latter shall not be liable to the heirs of the guarantor.