衰弱水平在我国老年人睡眠时长与认知功能间的中介作用研究

Study on the Mediating Effect of Frailty Level on Sleep Duration and Cognitive Function in Chinese Elderly

摘要: 目的：分析衰弱水平在我国老年人睡眠时长与认知功能中的中介作用。方法：基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS)，对纳入的4446名研究对象，采用线性回归分析变量间的相关性，并构建中介效应模型探讨衰弱水平在老年人睡眠时长与认知功能之间的中介作用。结果：老年人睡眠时长平均为6.07小时/天，认知功能平均得分为16.06分，存在衰弱363人(8.16%)。睡眠时长与认知功能呈正相关(β = 0.032, 95% CI: 0.008~0.161)，衰弱水平与认知功能呈负相关(β = −0.104, 95% CI: −1.031~−0.577)。衰弱水平在老年人睡眠时长和认知功能之间中介效应显著，中介效应量为0.084，95% CI为−0.078~−0.059，效应占比60.43%。结论：睡眠时长与认知功能正向相关，衰弱水平与认知功能负向相关；衰弱水平在睡眠时长和认知功能之间存在部分中介效应。充足睡眠可以有效延缓衰弱并降低认知功能减退。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to analyze the mediating role of frailty level in the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function among the elderly in China. Methods: Based on the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, a sample of 4,446 participants was analyzed using linear regression to examine the correlations between variables. A mediation effect model was constructed to explore the mediating role of frailty levels in the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function in the elderly. Results: The average sleep duration for the elderly was 6.07 hours per day, with an average cognitive function score of 16.06. Frailty was present in 363 individuals (8.16%). Sleep duration was positively correlated with cognitive function (β = 0.032, 95% CI: 0.008~0.161), while frailty levels were negatively correlated with cognitive function (β = −0.104, 95% CI: −1.031~−0.577). The mediation effect of frailty levels between sleep duration and cognitive function was significant, with a mediation effect size of 0.084 and a 95% CI of −0.078~−0.059, accounting for 60.43% of the effect. Conclusion: Sleep duration is positively correlated with cognitive function, while frailty levels is negatively correlated with cognitive function. Frailty partially mediates the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function. Adequate sleep can effectively delay frailty and reduce cognitive decline.