医用导管表面改性技术的研究进展与应用前景
Research Progress and Application Prospect of Surface Modification Technology for Medical Catheters
DOI: 10.12677/aac.2025.151007, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 杨希夷, 张梦颖, 杜一凡：上海市徐汇区中心医院介入科，上海；李炎锴, 张淑平*：上海理工大学材料与化学学院，上海
关键词: 医用导管；表面改性；水凝胶涂层；润滑液体注入多孔表面；静电纺丝；Medical Catheter； Surface Modification； Hydrogel Coating； Lubricating Liquid Injection for Porous Surface； Electrospinning
摘要: 医用导管作为现代医疗中不可或缺的重要设备，广泛应用于药物输送、体液引流和病症诊疗等领域。其性能的优劣直接影响诊疗效果和患者的生命安全，而导管的材料和表面涂层的选择，则在改善其生物相容性、耐久性及抗菌性能方面起着至关重要的作用。文章系统性地综述了当前医用导管表面改性技术的研究进展，包括水凝胶涂层、润滑液体注入多孔表面、静电纺丝、沉积法以及等离子体处理法等。这些技术通过优化涂层的材料成分和微观结构，不仅显著提升了导管的抗菌性能、抗血栓能力和机械强度，还赋予其药物缓释、智能响应等多样化功能，为复杂医疗环境中的导管应用提供了重要解决方案。展望未来，生物可降解材料、纳米技术的引入以及材料科学与生物医学等多学科的深度融合，将为医用导管涂层的创新设计与临床转化提供强大动力，进一步推动其在精准医疗领域的广泛应用。
Abstract: Medical catheters, as indispensable devices in modern healthcare, are widely used in drug delivery, fluid drainage, and disease diagnosis and treatment. Their performance directly influences therapeutic outcomes and patient safety. The selection of catheter materials and surface coatings plays a critical role in improving biocompatibility, durability, and antibacterial properties. This paper systematically reviews the current advancements in medical catheter surface modification technologies, including hydrogel coatings, lubricated liquid-infused porous surfaces, electrospinning, deposition methods, and plasma treatment. These technologies optimize the material composition and microstructure of coatings, significantly enhancing the antibacterial properties, thrombus resistance, and mechanical strength of catheters. Furthermore, they endow catheters with diverse functionalities, such as drug release and intelligent responsiveness, providing crucial solutions for catheter applications in complex medical environments. Looking to the future, the incorporation of biodegradable materials, nanotechnology, and the deep integration of materials science and biomedicine will drive innovative designs and clinical translation of catheter coatings, further advancing their applications in the field of precision medicine.
文章引用：杨希夷, 李炎锴, 张梦颖, 杜一凡, 张淑平. 医用导管表面改性技术的研究进展与应用前景[J]. 分析化学进展, 2025, 15(1): 61-71. https://doi.org/10.12677/aac.2025.151007

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