经支气管镜肺泡灌洗在重症肺炎治疗中的作用及研究进展

The Role and Research Progress of Bronchoalveolar Lavage through Bronchoscopy in the Treatment of Severe Pneumonia

摘要: 重症肺炎是呼吸系统常见的危重症疾病，它是由多种细菌或者病毒感染导致，病情发展迅速，病死率高达50%。治疗时，除了一般治疗外，经支气管镜肺泡灌洗是不可或缺的一部分。经支气管镜肺泡灌洗(bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL)是通过气管镜向支气管肺泡中灌入0.9%氯化钠溶液并进行抽吸，以收集肺泡表面液体，用于诊断或清除的技术。在治疗方面，其可以清除气道黏膜分泌物、稀释炎性物质、促进分泌物排出以及指导抗生素的使用。本文对经支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗重症肺炎的应用进展展开综述。

Abstract: Severe pneumonia is a common critical illness of the respiratory system, which is caused by various bacterial or viral infections and develops rapidly, the mortality rate is as high as 50%. During treatment, in addition to general treatment, bronchoalveolar lavage through bronchoscopy is an indispensable part. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) is a technique in which 0.9% sodium chloride solution is infused into the alveoli through bronchoscopy and suctioned to collect surface fluid for diagnosis or clearance. In terms of treatment, it can clear airway mucosal secretions, dilute inflammatory substances, promote secretion excretion, and guide the use of antibiotics. This article provides a review of the application progress of bronchoalveolar lavage in the treatment of severe pneumonia through bronchoscopy.