译声传递：古诗词中的先例现象

Translated Sound Transmission: Precedent Phenomenon in Ancient Poetry

摘要: 先例现象属于语言文化学的范畴，包括先例文本、先例话语、先例名和先例情景等四个概念。中国古诗词中蕴含着大量的先例现象，这些先例现象被流传至今广泛运用，是古人智慧的成果，更是中华文明的智慧瑰宝。但是对于外国读者来说，这些先例现象无疑是理解诗词的阻碍，导致读者在阅读古诗词时产生“意象困顿”。这就决定了在古诗词外译的工作中，先例现象的翻译成为文化交流的关键点。本文旨在总结分析中国古代诗词中出现的不同先例现象，并以两首诗词的翻译为例，说明先例现象所导致的翻译阻碍，从而进一步论证在诗词翻译工作中先例现象的重要性，并提出打破“意象困顿”的译者策略，即通过加注的方式，对古诗词译文进行更为深层次的解释，使异民族者能够更加通俗地理解诗词，与诗人共鸣。

Abstract: The precedent phenomenon belongs to the category of linguistic culture. It includes four concepts: precedent text, precedent discourse, precedent name and precedent situation. Ancient Chinese poems contain a large number of precedent phenomena, which have been handed down to the present day and are widely used. They are the fruit of the wisdom of the ancients and the treasure of Chinese civilization. However, for foreign readers, these precedents are undoubtedly an obstacle to the understanding of the poems, which leads to an “image dilemma” when they read the ancient poems. This determines that the translation of precedent phenomenon becomes a key point of cultural exchange in the translation of ancient poems. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and analyze the different precedent phenomena in ancient Chinese poems. This paper takes the translations of two poems as examples to illustrate the obstacles to translation caused by the precedent phenomenon, so as to further demonstrate the importance of the precedent phenomenon in the translation of poems, and puts forward the translator’s strategy to break the “image dilemma”, i.e., through the way of adding notes, the translation of ancient poems is explained at a deeper level, so that foreigners can understand the ancient Chinese poems in a more popular way and empathize with the poets.