数据抓取行为的反不正当竞争法规制研究

Research on the Regulation of Data Scraping Behaviors under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

摘要: 数据抓取行为的规制对于维护市场公平竞争、保护企业和用户权益以及促进大数据发展都有着重要意义。但是，适用《反不正当竞争法》规制不正当的数据抓取行为时，出现了一些难以避免的问题，本文剖析了《反不正当竞争法》在规制数据抓取行为时面临的困境，一方面，互联网领域竞争关系的判定存在争议，这给法律适用带来了不确定性；另一方面，互联网专条的局限性导致法律适用向一般条款逃逸，影响了法律的稳定性和可预测性。据此，在明确数据流通优先兼顾数据保护的规制目标下提出制度上的优化建议，包括摒弃以竞争关系的判定为前提、明确一般条款的适用边界与衔接等，以期对不正当数据抓取行为做出有效规制，维护互联网领域正当有序的竞争秩序，促进互联网行业的健康发展。

Abstract: The regulation of data scraping behaviors is of great significance in maintaining fair market competition, protecting the rights and interests of enterprises and users, and promoting the development of big data. However, when applying the Anti-Unfair Competition Law to regulate unfair data scraping behaviors, some inevitable issues have emerged. This paper analyzes the dilemmas faced by this law in regulating data scraping behaviors. On the one hand, the judgment of competitive relationships in the internet sector is controversial, bringing uncertainty to the application of the law. On the other hand, the limitations of the Internet-specific provisions lead to the escape of law application towards general clauses, affecting the stability and predictability of the law. Therefore, with the regulatory objective of prioritizing data circulation while taking into account data protection, this paper proposes institutional optimization suggestions, including abandoning the premise of judging competitive relationships and clarifying the applicable boundaries and connections of general clauses. These suggestions aim to effectively regulate unfair data scraping behaviors, maintain a legitimate and orderly competitive order in the internet sector, and promote the healthy development of the internet industry.